Table 1. Included studies on the possible association of patient diagnosis and the development of aggression.
| Author | Diagnosis | Risk for aggression |
|---|---|---|
| Schaefer et al., 2016 [97] | Psychotic disorder | OR = 2.08 (95% CI = 1.58–2.72) p < .05 |
| Manic disorder | OR = 4.22 (95% CI = 2.99–5.96) p < .05 | |
| Johnson et al., 2016 [98] | Bipolar disorder in combination with positive drug screen for cannabis | More episodes of aggression (p = .033) |
| Van Dongen, 2016 [96] | Persecutory ideation | Predictor for observed aggression on SDAS: B = 0.02 (β = 0.46, t(32) = 2.67, 0.12) |
| Cho et al., 2014 [52] | Bipolar diagnosis | 39.7% of aggressive patients had this diagnosis vs 27.7% in the non-aggressive group (χ2 = 8.9; df = 3 p < .05) |
| Van Dongen, 2012 [57] | Persecutory ideation | Risk for aggression: r = 0.47 (p = .01) |
| Delusional distress | Risk for aggression: r = 0.44 (p = .003) | |
| Kruger & Rosema, 2010 [61] | Mental retardation | More often diagnosed in violent patients (p = .0017) |
| Schizophrenia | Smallest proportion of this diagnosis in violent patients (no statistics provided) | |
| Disorganised behaviour | Seen less in violent patients (p = .0214) | |
| Biancosino et al., 2009 [65] | Schizophrenia | OR = 3.25 (95% CI = 1.11–9.57) p = .032 |
| Bipolar disorder | OR = 4.61 (95% CI = 1.51–14.06) p = .007 | |
| Personality disorder | OR = 5.89 (95% CI = 1.9–18.23) p = .002 | |
| Mental retardation | OR = 6.78 (95% CI = 1.32–34.91) p = .022 | |
| Bilgin, 2009 [100] | Percentage of physically aggressive patients per diagnostic group: | |
| Schizophrenia | 34% | |
| Alcohol-substance use disorder | 22% | |
| Bipolar disorder | 24% | |
| Carr et al., 2008 [66] | Schizophrenia | OR = 1.8 |
| Depression | OR = 0.57 | |
| Personality disorder | AOR = 2.67 | |
| Abderhalden et al., 2007 [72] | Schizophrenia | OR = 2.10 (95% CI = 1.54–2.88) p < .001 |
| Substance use disorder | OR = 0.50 (95% CI = 0.33–0.76) p < .001 | |
| Gender and affective disorder | OR = 0.68 (95% CI = 0.43–1.08) p = .101 | |
| Neurotic and personality disorder | OR = 0.56 (95% CI = -.35–0.90) p = .002 | |
| Ketelsen et al., 2007 [69] | Schizophrenia | OR = 2.85 (95% CI = 1.94–4.20) p < .001 |
| El-Badri & Melsop, 2006 [73] | Percentage of aggressive patients per diagnostic group: | |
| Schizophrenia | 48% | |
| Bipolar disorder | 27% | |
| Substance misuse | 14% | |
| Raja & Azzoni, 2005 [102] | In violent group diagnoses that were more likely: | |
| Schizophrenia | χ2 = 14.9; df = 2; p < .001 | |
| Mania | χ2 = 8.4; df = 2; p < .001 | |
| Mellesdal, 2003 [81] | Schizophrenic disorder | OR = 1.93 (95% CI = 1.29–2.90) |
| Chou et al., 2002 [104] | Psychotic disorder | OR = 2.07 (95% CI = 1.34–3.22) |
| Omerov et al., 2002 [103] | Percentage of violent patients per diagnostic group: | |
| Schizophrenia | 36% | |
| Other psychotic disorder | 18% | |
| Bipolar disorder | 17% | |
| Grassi et al., 2001 [87] | Schizophrenia or delusional disorder | More frequent diagnosis in violent patients: χ2 = 17.5; df = 2; p < .001 |
| Soliman & Reza, 2001 [86] | Diagnoses that were more likely to be in the violent group were: | |
| dissocial and emotionally unstable personality disorders | χ2 = 16.10; p < .001 | |
| personality disorder with non-schizophrenia diagnosis | χ2 = 16.22; p < .001 | |
| non-alcohol substance use or dependence with nonschizophrenia diagnosis | χ2 = 18.73; p < .001 | |
| Barlow et al., 2000 [91] | Mental state was a causal factor in 65.71% of the cases | |
| In group of 60 aggressive patients 53.3% had a presence of hallucinations or delusions | ||
| Schizophrenia | OR = 1.96 (95% CI = 1.38–2.79) | |
| Bipolar disorder | OR = 2.81 (95% CI = 1.72–4.56) | |
| Depression | OR = 0.44 (95% CI = 0.26–0.74) | |
| Adjustment disorder | OR = 0.54 (95% CI = 0.33–0.87) |
First colum is first author and year of publication and reference, SDAS: Social Dysfunction and Aggression Scale, OR: Odds Ratio, AOR: Adjusted Odds Ratio, CI: 95% Confidence Interval, B: regression coefficient, b: standardised regression coefficient, t: t-score, c2: Chi-square, df: degrees of freedom, r: correlation coefficient.