Table 1.

Sociodemographic characteristics of parents (n = 1702).

Variable	Category	n	%
Parent’s age, mean ± SD, (range in years)		39.21 ± 8.44 (17–65)
Gender	Woman	942	55.3
	Man	748	44.0
	Other	12	0.7
Highest level of education	High school or less	205	12.0
	Non-university certificate or diploma (college/apprenticeship)	539	31.7
	University certificate or Bachelor’s degree	656	38.5
	More than a Bachelor’s degree	291	17.1
	Prefer not to answer	11	0.7
Employment status	Full-time (35 or more hours per week)	1163	68.3
	Part-time (<35 h per week)	233	13.7
	Unemployed	267	15.7
	Prefer not to answer	39	2.3
Household income	Less than $40,000	228	13.4
	Between $40,000 and $79,999	471	27.7
	$80,000 and more	885	52.0
	Prefer not to answer	118	6.9
Marital status	Not married	316	18.6
	Married or common-law	1379	81.0
	Prefer not to answer	7	0.4
Number of children 0–17 years old in the household	1	862	50.6
	2	614	36.1
	3 or more	226	13.3
Children's agea	0–6 years old	961	37.1
	7–11 years old	759	29.3
	12–17 years old	868	33.6
Province	British Columbia	206	12.1
	Alberta	182	10.7
	Saskatchewan	64	3.8
	Manitoba	82	4.8
	Ontario	613	36.0
	Quebec	434	25.5
	Atlantic Provinces	121	7.1
Parents new to Canada in the past 5 years	Yes	195	11.5
	No	1507	88.5
Language spoken most often at home	English	1064	62.5
	French	381	22.4
	Indigenous	6	0.4
	Other	251	14.7
Self-identified ethnicityb	White	998	58.6
	Visible minority or White-visible minority mixed ethnicity	520	30.6
	Indigenous (First Nations, Métis, or Inuk)	143	8.4
	Prefer not to answer or don’t know	41	2.4
Indigenous groupsc	First Nations	69	48.2
	Métis	60	42.0
	Inuk	8	5.6
	Indigenous, unspecified/Prefer not to answer	6	4.2
Location of residence for Indigenous parentsc	Reserve, settlement, or other Indigenous community	48	33.5
	Rural	23	16.1
	Urban	70	49.0
	Prefer not to answer	2	1.4

^aAs parents could have more than one child, there were 2588 children under 18 years of age reported on by parents in the study.

^bEthnicity self-identified as White (e.g., Caucasian, European) and Visible minority groups (e.g., Black, Latin/Central American, Arabic/West Asian/North African, East Asian, South Asian, Other). Visible minorities are defined as non-White persons, other than Indigenous peoples [23].

^cOnly reported on by respondents who self-identified as Indigenous (n = 143).