Fig. 3. Tox2 inhibits GC T_FH cells to become T_H1-like cells.

(A) mRNA expression of T_FH-related genes analyzed by QuantiGene in mock or Tox2-overexpressing GC T_FH cells and PreT_FH cells (left). CD4⁺CD19⁻RFP⁺ cells were sorted for mRNA analysis. The results of selected genes are shown on the right. N = 2. (B) Gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA)in mock and Tox2-overexpressing tonsillar GC T_FH cells. Results with the gene set of up-regulated effector T_H1 cells compared to effector T_FH cells (top), the gene set of down-regulated IFN-γ–mediated pathway (middle), and the gene set of IFN-γ response (bottom). (C) Percentage of cytokine-expressing cells by mock and Tox2-overexpressing GC T_FH and PreT_FH cells. Cells were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) + ionomycin for 6 hours, and the frequency of intracellular IFN-γ⁺ and IL-4⁺ cells was analyzed. Dataset of four to seven experiments is shown. (D) GSEA analysis in mock and Tox2-overexpressing tonsillar GC T_FH cells with the gene set of down-regulated glycolysis pathways.