. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: Psychiatr Serv. 2021 Mar 11;72(5):514–520. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201900630

Table 2.

Weighted Percentage of Respondents Endorsing Stigma-Related Beliefs in Seven Domains, by Race-Ethnicity and Language (2013 and 2014 California Statewide Surveys)

	White English			Latino English			Latino Spanish			Asian-English			Asian non-English			Black English

	2013	2014		2013	2014		2013	2014		2013	2014		2013	2014		2013	2014

Social Distance
Unwilling to move next door	26	25		32	22	−	56 ^a	53 ^a		45 ^a	29	−	62 ^a	56 ^a		29	23
Unwilling to spend an evening socializing	13	13		19	12	−	61 ^a	52 ^a	−	16	10		33 ^a	32 ^a		14	19
Unwilling to start working closely on a job	25	24		21	22		53 ^a	41 ^a	−	27	21		53 ^a	51 ^a		25	23
Traditional Prejudice
Never going to contribute much to society	5	6		4	10	+	39 ^a	37 ^a		11	9		41 ^a	43 ^a		12 ^a	8
Perceptions of Dangerousness
A person with mental illness is a danger to others	19	17		20	20		42 ^a	51 ^a	+	16	17		60 ^a	61 ^a		22	21
Treatment Carryover
Would delay treatment for fear of others knowing	11	13		18	22		16	12		29 ^a	28		10	11		10	14
Would go for professional help	94	94		93	93		98	97		91	85		78 ^a	89		93	95
Disclosure Carryover
Would hide MI from co-workers or classmates	56	60		52	52		11 ^b	18 ^b	+	44	65	+	32 ^b	19 ^b	−	50	45 ^b
Would hide MI from family or friends	23	26		22	19		12	15		29	32		17	14		22	18
Perceived Public Stigma
People are caring and sympathetic to PWMI	34	34		37	32		53 ^b	46		44	44		92 ^b	89 ^b		48 ^b	43
PWMI experience high levels of prejudice	76	82	+	73	79		80	80		76	73		61 ^b	68		63 ^b	77
Courtesy Stigma
Would feel ashamed if family had mental illness	6	5		4	7		3	3		10	11		13 ^a	13 ^a		2	1

Note: + indicates significant increases in stigma between survey waves; − indicates significant decreases in stigma between survey waves; p<.05. All significance tests were adjusted to control the family-wise error rate at 5% within each stigma domain and wave using Holm’s method (55).

Significant disparity (stigma level higher among racial-ethnic minority group compared to whites), p<.05.

Reverse disparity (stigma level lower among racial-ethnic minority group compared to whites), p<.05.