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. 2021 Oct 9;17:119. doi: 10.1186/s12992-021-00767-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 8 — Contrasting socio-ecological models of nutrition and agency. (a) The individual-centric view emphasises the individual, whose behavioural agency drives interactions with the social community, corporations and government activities. (b) The system-centric view emphasises the food environment as a system shaped by the logic of market economics. The overall system shapes government and corporate activities, and generates structural associations between different socio-economic groups (shown by red or green filled circles), whose biological drives are exposed to contrasting nutritional experience through the life-course