Table 1.
Baseline characteristics in the ACCORD by primary outcome, major CHD, and total stroke.
| Primary CVD Outcome 1 | P-value | Major CHD 2 | P-value | Total stroke 3 | P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 62.6 (6.5) | 64.6 (7.1) | <0.001 | 62.6 (6.5) | 63.9 (7.2) | <0.001 | 62.7 (6.6) | 64.8 (7.0) | <0.001 |
| Intensive BP treatment (n, %) | 2,083 (23.4) | 175 (19.9) | 0.02 | 2,033 (23.3) | 225 (21.2) | 0.14 | 2,235 (23.1) | 31 (18.6) | 0.20 |
| Female (n, %) | 3,494 (39.2) | 265 (30.1) | <0.001 | 3,430 (39.3) | 329 (31.1) | <0.001 | 3,720 (38.4) | 58 (34.7) | 0.38 |
| Race (n, %) | 0.02 | <0.001 | 0.21 | ||||||
| Diabetes duration (years) | 10.6 (7.5) | 12.5 (8.4) | <0.001 | 10.6 (7.5) | 12.1 (8.3) | <0.001 | 10.8 (7.6) | 12.8 (8.1) | 0.001 |
| CVD History (n, %) | 2,914 (32.7) | 479 (54.5) | <0.001 | 2,771 (31.8) | 622 (58.7) | <0.001 | 3,361 (34.7) | 78 (46.7) | 0.002 |
| Smoker† (n, %) | 3,980 (51.2) | 437 (57.7) | 0.001 | 3,887 (51.0) | 530 (57.8) | <0.001 | 4,368 (51.7) | 79 (54.5) | 0.56 |
| BMI (kg/m 2 ) | 32.3 (5.4) | 32.0 (5.4) | 0.001 | 32.2 (5.4) | 32.4 (5.3) | 0.33 | 32.3 (5.4) | 31.2 (5.4) | 0.01 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75 (10) | 73 (11) | <0.001 | 75 (10.5) | 73 (11.4) | <0.001 | 75 (10) | 75 (11) | 0.95 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 136 (17) | 138 (18) | 0.005 | 136 (16.9) | 137 (17.6) | 0.24 | 136 (17) | 141 (19) | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 42 (11) | 40 (12.1) | <0.001 | 42 (11.6) | 40 (11.4) | <0.001 | 42 (11) | 41.5 (13) | 0.66 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 105 (34) | 106 (35) | 0.20 | 105 (33) | 105 (34) | 0.93 | 105 (34) | 108 (35) | 0.19 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 183 (42) | 184 (44) | 0.44 | 183 (42) | 183 (42) | 0.70 | 183 (42) | 188 (49) | 0.12 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 189 (150) | 196 (134) | 0.21 | 189 (150) | 199 (136) | 0.04 | 190 (149) | 197 (149) | 0.54 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.3 (1.0) | 8.5 (1.1) | <0.001 | 8.3 (1.1) | 8.4 (1.1) | 0.006 | 8.3 (1.0) | 8.8 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 174 (56) | 179 (58) | 0.02 | 175 (56) | 176 (57) | 0.40 | 175 (55.8) | 187 (64.8) | 0.09 |
| Albumin to creatinine ratio (mg/g) | 85.4 (312.1) | 197.3 (554.1) | <0.001 | 86.2 (315.0) | 173.1 (510.4) | <0.001 | 95.2 (353.0) | 239.4 (565.7) | <0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 91.5 (27.2) | 86.9 (27.6) | <0.001 | 91.6 (27.2) | 87.5 (26.9) | <0.001 | 91.1 (27.2) | 87.5 (28.0) | 0.09 |
| Statin n (%) | 5,566 (62.5) | 515 (58.6) | 0.29 | 5,411 (62.0) | 609 (61.8) | <0.001 | 6,072 (62.7) | 89 (53.3) | 0.46 |
| Sulfonylurea n (%) | 4,080 (45.8) | 377 (42.9) | 0.46 | 4,004 (45.9) | 412 (41.8) | 0.82 | 4,440 (45.8) | 75 (44.9) | 0.31 |
| Total antihypertensives | 1.68 (1.20) | 1.97 (1.21) | <0.001 | 1.70 (1.20) | 1.92 (1.13) | 0.01 | 1.70 (1.20) | 1.89 (1.16) | 0.06 |
| Beta-blocker n (%) | 6,252 (70.2) | 457 (52.0) | <0.001 | 6,205 (71.1) | 481 (48.8) | <0.001 | 6,685 (69.0) | 100 (59.8) | 0.50 |
| Loop diuretic n (%) | 8,023 (90.1) | 672 (76.5) | <0.001 | 7,885 (90.4) | 747 (75.8) | <0.001 | 8,676 (89.5) | 128 (76.6) | 0.06 |
Data are means, SD or No. (%)
BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; SBP: systolic blood pressure; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate from four variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study (MDRD) equation.
Primary composite CVD outcome is first occurrence of major cardiovascular event – cardiovascular death, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke
Major CHD is a composite of fatal coronary artery disease events, non-fatal MI, or unstable angina
Total stroke includes both fatal and non-fatal stroke events
smoker: smoked more than 100 cigarettes during lifetime