Table 3.
Hazard ratios for the association of blood pressure variability with cardiovascular outcomes by baseline blood pressure levels.
| Model-1 Age Adjustment |
Model-2 Multivariate Adjustment |
Model-3 Model 2 + Cumulative mean BP |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary CVD outcome | No. of events | HR (95% C.I.) | P-value | HR (95% C.I.) | P-value | HR (95% C.I.) | P-value |
| CV-SBP | |||||||
| SBP > 140 mmHg | n = 355 | 1.09 (0.99–1.19) | 0.07 | 1.14 (1.02–1.28) | 0.02 | 1.15 (1.02–1.29) | 0.02 |
| SBP 120–139 mmHg | n = 361 | 1.12 (1.07–1.16) | <0.001 | 1.07 (1.01–1.12) | 0.01 | 1.06 (0.99–1.12) | 0.07 |
| SBP < 120 mmHg | n = 134 | 1.38 (1.21–1.57) | <0.001 | 1.25 (1.06–1.48) | 0.008 | 1.24 (1.05–1.46) | 0.01 |
| CV-DBP | |||||||
| DBP > 80 mmHg | n = 230 | 1.20 (1.07–1.35) | 0.002 | 1.19 (1.05–1.34) | 0.005 | 1.23 (1.08–1.40) | 0.002 |
| DBP 70–79 mmHg | n = 280 | 1.21 (1.10–1.33) | <0.001 | 1.10 (0.97–1.25) | 0.13 | 1.12 (0.98–1.27) | 0.09 |
| DBP < 70 mmHg | n = 339 | 1.32 (1.22–1.43) | <0.001 | 1.25 (1.15–1.36) | <0.001 | 1.25 (1.15–1.36) | <0.001 |
| Major CHD | |||||||
| CV-SBP | |||||||
| SBP > 140 mmHg | n = 382 | 1.15 (1.06–1.25) | 0.001 | 1.12 (1.01–1.25) | 0.04 | 1.13 (1.02–1.26) | 0.03 |
| SBP 120–139 mmHg | n = 425 | 1.12 (1.08–1.15) | <0.001 | 1.05 (0.99–1.11) | 0.06 | 1.05 (0.99–1.11) | 0.08 |
| SBP < 120 mmHg | n = 150 | 1.39 (1.23–1.57) | <0.001 | 1.22 (1.04–1.43) | 0.01 | 1.21 (1.03–1.42) | 0.02 |
| CV-DBP | |||||||
| DBP > 80 mmHg | n = 236 | 1.26 (1.13–1.40) | <0.001 | 1.21 (1.08–1.34) | <0.001 | 1.25 (1.11–1.41) | <0.001 |
| DBP 70–79 mmHg | n = 326 | 1.18 (1.09–1.29) | <0.001 | 1.11 (0.99–1.24) | 0.06 | 1.10 (0.98–1.23) | 0.11 |
| DBP <70 mmHg | n = 387 | 1.32 (1.22–1.42) | <0.001 | 1.23 (1.12–1.35) | <0.001 | 1.23 (1.12–1.35) | <0.001 |
| Total stroke | |||||||
| CV-SBP | |||||||
| SBP > 140 mmHg | n = 82 | 0.98 (0.82–1.18) | 0.86 | 0.94 (0.81–1.11) | 0.48 | 0.99 (0.85–1.18) | 0.99 |
| SBP 120–139 mmHg | n = 61 | 1.09 (0.99–1.19) | 0.07 | 1.08 (0.97–1.20) | 0.18 | 1.02 (0.90–1.15) | 0.78 |
| SBP < 120 mmHg | n = 24 | 1.32 (0.98–1.76) | 0.07 | 1.26 (0.95–1.68) | 0.11 | 1.05 (0.75–1.48) | 0.75 |
| CV-DBP | |||||||
| DBP > 80 mmHg | n = 57 | 1.11 (0.95–1.30) | 0.18 | 1.11 (0.94–1.29) | 0.21 | 1.11 (0.96–1.29) | 0.17 |
| DBP 70–79 mmHg | n = 48 | 1.02 (0.79–1.32) | 0.86 | 0.95 (0.71–1.28) | 0.76 | 1.01 (0.76–1.33) | 0.93 |
| DBP < 70 mmHg | n = 57 | 1.13 (0.90–1.40) | 0.27 | 1.09 (0.87–1.37) | 0.46 | 1.12 (0.91–1.36) | 0.49 |
Hazard ratios (HR), (95% confidence interval (95% CI)), and p-values estimated by Cox proportional hazards model. Blood pressure variables were adjusted for age (Model 1), baseline factors that differed significantly between those who did and did not develop each event (Model 2) and additionally for cumulative mean of blood pressure excluding the baseline BP. P-values <0.05 (bold font) are considered significant. CV: coefficient of variation.