FIGURE 3.

Vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 expression is responsible for CXCL13‐promoted cell migration in lung cancer. A, The screening of candidate molecules associated with cell migration ability. The CL1‐0 lung cancer cells were incubated with CXCL13 (30 ng/mL) for 24 h, follow by collecting RNA sample, then subjecting to qPCR analysis to validate gene expression of candidate molecules which associated with cell migration ability. B and C, The CL1‐0 lung cancer cells were incubated with different concentrations (0, 3, 10 and 30 ng/mL) of CXCL13 for 24 h, the RNA or cell lysate were collected, then subjected to analyse gene expression level of VCAM‐1 by qPCR and Western blot. D and E, The CL1‐0 lung cancer cells were treated with CXCL13 (30 ng/mL) for different time interval (0, 6, 12 and 24 h), the RNA or cell lysate were collected and then subjected to analyse gene expression level of VCAM‐1 by qPCR and Western blot. F, The CL1‐0 lung cancer cells were transfected with VCAM‐1 siRNA for 24 h, and then, the expression level of VCAM‐1 was confirmed by Western blot. G, The CL1‐0 lung cancer cells transfected with VCAM‐1 siRNA were subjected to analyse cell mobility in the presence of CXCL13 (30 ng/mL) by Transwell migration assay. H, The CL1‐0 lung cancer cells transfected with CXCL13 shRNA were performed with qPCR to detect VCAM‐1 expression level. I and J, The correlation analysis data of CXCL13 and VCAM‐1 by using GEPIA bioinformatics tool. The boxplot analysis used log₂ (TPM + 1) for log‐scale. Results are expressed as the mean ± SD of triplicate samples. *P < .05 compared to the control group. #P < .05 compared to the CXCL13‐treated group