Table 3.

Interventions to Reduce COPD Readmissions Post-HRRP

Author	Publication Year/Countrya/No. of Patients	Intervention	Outcomes	Study Design
Bundled programs
Jennings et al58	2015/172 patients	Predischarge bundle: education + smoking cessation + co-morbidity screening + 48 h telephone calls	No significant differences in 30 d readmissions	RCT
Parikh et al39b	2016/44 patients	EHR-based COPD care bundle: standardized nursing protocols, medications, education, postdischarge visits	Significant reductions in 30 d readmissions (9.1% vs 54.4% in control subjects); significant reductions in 90 d hospital costs ($7,652 vs $19,954 in control subjects)	Prospective cohort
Zafar et al57b	2017/204 patients in intervention phase	Care bundle: 5- component COPD care bundle	Significant reductions in 30 d readmissions (22.7% to 14.7% over time); reductions increased with more components provided	QI
Johnson-Warrington et al60	2016/United Kingdom/78 patients	Activity, coping, education	Multilevel self-management program: no differences in readmissions or mortality at 3 mo	RCT
Bhatt et al40	2017/78 consecutive Medicare patients	Bundled payment for care innovation: transition of care interventions, including postdischarge follow-up phone calls, vaccines, home health care, pulmonary rehabilitation, pulmonary clinic visits	No differences in 30 d readmissions or costs; improved quality of care provided	BPCI/QI
Aboumatar et al59	2019/240 patients	Long-term self-management and transitional care: transitional care and long-term self-management	Unexpected increase in 6 mo ED/hospital revisits without improvement in quality of care	RCT
Nonbundled interventions
Press et al25	2016/120 patients	Patient education: teach-to-goal inhaler education	Reduced 30 d acute care visits (ED and/or hospital) compared to brief instructions (17% vs 36%) but not at 90 d	RCT
Budde et al61	2019/2,653 patients	Follow-up visits: postdischarge visit within 10 d	No difference in 30 d readmissions	Retrospective

Post-HRRP is 2016 and later. BPCI = bundled payment for care improvement; HER = electronic health record; HRRP = Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program; QI = quality improvement; RCT = randomized controlled trial.

^aUnited States unless specified.

^bHRRP specific.