Table 1.
Overview of baseline characteristics of patients from the three ICU datasets. Overall, characteristics are similar between datasets, with notable exceptions being a higher rate of renal failure, liver disease, and coagulopathy in HJ23. N (%), Median [IQR]. aMedical history as defined by ICD codes.
| Dataset | eICU | MIMIC-III | HJ23 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cohort size | 3394 | 1295 | 172 |
| High lactate | 1723 (50.8) | 768 (59.3) | 90 (52.3) |
| Normal lactate | 1671 (49.2) | 527 (40.7) | 82 (47.7) |
| 28 days mortality | 973 (28.7) | 497 (38.4) | 49 (28.5) |
| Length of stay ICU, days | 3.7 [2.1, 6.8] | 6.7 [3.1, 13.7] | 9.3 [4.0, 18.9] |
| Female | 1629 (48.0) | 565 (43.6) | 68 (39.5) |
| Age | 71 [60, 80] | 70 [59, 81] | 66 [56, 75] |
| ALT (U/L) | 30 [17, 66] | 33 [18, 76] | 32 [18, 73] |
| AST (U/L) | 43 [24, 101] | 52 [27, 131] | 41 [23, 98] |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 38 [24, 57] | 36 [23, 55] | 41 [27, 57] |
| WBC (K/mcL) | 14.7 [9.1, 21.4] | 13.2 [7.9, 20.0] | 13.4 [6.4, 21.5] |
| Bicarbonate (mmol/L) | 20 [16, 24] | 20 [16, 24] | 19 [16, 23] |
| Chloride (mmol/L) | 104.0 [99, 109] | 105 [100, 110] | 105 [101, 109] |
| Bicarbonate (mmol/L) | 20.0 [16.0, 24.0] | 20.0 [16.0, 24.0] | 19.4 [15.8, 22.6] |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 8.1 [7.4, 8.7] | 7.9 [7.3, 8.6] | 7.9 [7.4, 8.3] |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.9 [1.2, 3.1] | 1.7 [1.1, 2.8] | 1.9 [1.3, 3.1] |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 134 [102, 190] | 134 [105, 186] | 141 [104, 179] |
| Platelets (K/mcL) | 185 [115, 267] | 208 [124, 302] | 167 [82, 265] |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.2 [3.7, 4.8] | 4.3 [3.8, 4.8] | 4.0 [3.5, 4.6] |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 138 [134, 142] | 138 [135, 142] | 137 [133, 142] |
| Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.8 [0.5, 1.6] | 0.8 [0.4, 2.2] | 1.0 [0.5, 2.2] |
| Heart rate | 98 [84, 114] | 100 [84, 115] | 98 [83, 116] |
| Mean arterial pressure | 69 [59, 80] | 72 [63, 83] | 73 [64, 82] |
| Temperature | 36.8 [35.6, 37.9] | 36.7 [35.7, 37.6] | 36 [35.5, 36.6] |
| Peripheral vascular diseasea | 220 (6.5) | 124 (9.6) | 19 (11.0) |
| Hypertensiona | 1843 (54.3) | 700 (54.1) | 78 (45.3) |
| Hypothyroidisma | 434 (12.8) | 158 (12.2) | 12 (7.0) |
| Diabetesa | 1201 (35.4) | 431 (33.3) | 59 (34.3) |
| Renal failurea | 521 (15.4) | 294 (22.7) | 52 (30.2) |
| Liver diseasea | 286 (8.4) | 181 (14.0) | 27 (15.7) |
| Metastatic cancera | 167 (4.9) | 98 (7.6) | 2 (1.2) |
| Solid cancera | 635 (18.7) | 63 (4.9) | 22 (12.8) |
| Rheumatoid arthritisa | 96 (2.8) | 50 (3.9) | 5 (2.9) |
| Coagulopathya | 405 (11.9) | 462 (35.7) | 70 (40.7) |
| Obesitya | 44 (1.3) | 84 (6.5) | 20 (11.6) |
| Deficiency anemiaa | 81 (2.4) | 367 (28.3) | 32 (18.6) |
| Chronic pulmonary diseasea | 691 (20.4) | 366 (28.3) | 28 (16.3) |
| Chronic neurologic diseasea | 375 (11.0) | 200 (15.4) | 14 (8.1) |
| Substance abusea | 33 (1.0) | 119 (9.2) | 21 (12.2) |
| Heart diseasea | 1376 (40.5) | 778 (60.1) | 56 (32.6) |