Table 2.
Meta-analysis of patient characteristics between survivor and non-survivor kidney transplantation patients.
| Variables | Survivors | Non-survivors | Number of patients reported | Number of studies reporting | Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | p-value from random effects model | I2 index (%) | Q-test p-value | Egger’s test p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 54.9 ± 15.4 | 67.5 ± 11.8 | 2,577 | 10 | 10.5 (9.3, 11.8) | < 0.001 | 0 | 0.46 | 0.04 |
| BMI, kg/m2 (mean ± SD) | 27.5 ± 5.2 | 27.8 ± 6.0 | 586 | 3 | − 0.1 (− 0.3, 0.2) | 0.46 | 0 | 0.75 | 0.52 |
| Post kidney transplantation duration, months (mean ± SD) | 76.5 ± 78.0 | 79.4 ± 91.0 | 1,909 | 7 | 3.6 (− 4.9, 12.2) | 0.40 | 0 | 0.79 | 0.87 |
| Onset to admission, days (mean ± SD) | 8.0 ± 6.4 | 4.6 ± 3.4 | 496 | 3 | − 3.7 (− 8.2, 0.91) | 0.12 | 94.2 | 0.01 | < 0.001 |
| Variables | Survivors | Non-survivors | Number of patients reported | Number of studies reporting | Pooled odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value from random effects model | I2 index (%) | Q-test p-value | Egger’s test p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (%) | 1,345 (65.7) | 341 (64.3) | 2,577 | 10 | 0.94 (0.75, 1.19) | 0.63 | 10.6 | 0.37 | 0.38 |
| Hypertension (%) | 928 (76.3) | 243 (81.8) | 1,514 | 8 | 0.99 (0.68, 1.43) | 0.94 | 0 | 0.95 | 0.93 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 548 (26.8) | 204 (38.5) | 2,577 | 10 | 1.80 (1.43, 2.26) | < 0.001 | 1.5 | 0.58 | 0.08 |
| Obesity (%) | 395 (46.8) | 106 (49.8) | 1,063 | 5 | 1.30 (0.92, 1.82) | 0.14 | 0 | 0.24 | 0.15 |
| Cardiovascular diseases (%) | 248 (21.2) | 106 (38.7) | 1,445 | 8 | 2.21 (1.60, 3.06) | < 0.001 | 15.3 | 0.35 | 0.58 |
| Pulmonary diseases (%) | 86 (10.1) | 31 (13.6) | 1,143 | 6 | 1.35 (0.86, 2.13) | 0.19 | 0 | 0.49 | 0.53 |
| Active cancer (%) | 75 (8.2) | 35 (15.1) | 1,143 | 6 | 2.00 (1.05, 3.80) | 0.034 | 41.2 | 0.11 | 0.88 |
| History of smoking (%) | 262 (30.7) | 70 (30.7) | 1,082 | 6 | 0.96 (0.69, 1.34) | 0.82 | 0 | 0.74 | 0.60 |
| Deceased donor kidney transplant (%) | 369 (47.5) | 130 (68.8) | 966 | 6 | 1.73 (1.10, 2.74) | 0.019 | 5.0 | 0.40 | 0.35 |
| Less than 12 months since kidney transplant (%) | 220 (11.4) | 64 (13.3) | 2,404 | 8 | 1.27 (0.83, 1.95) | 0.28 | 33.1 | 0.11 | 0.004 |
| Lymphocyte depleting induction (%) | 432 (68.1) | 87 (56.1) | 789 | 6 | 0.73 (0.49, 1.08) | 0.12 | 0 | 0.90 | 0.44 |
| Tacrolimus (%) | 1,108 (83.9) | 288 (79.6) | 1,682 | 5 | 0.74 (0.50, 1.10) | 0.13 | 15.8 | 0.47 | 0.72 |
| mTORi (%) | 284 (16.4) | 55 (12.1) | 2,183 | 7 | 0.89 (0.61, 1.30) | 0.55 | 11.5 | 0.020 | 0.09 |
| MPA (%) | 1,305 (75.0) | 320 (73.7) | 2,175 | 7 | 0.98 (0.76, 1.25) | 0.86 | 0 | 0.79 | 0.99 |
| Prednisolone (%) | 1,389 (78.0) | 355 (79.4) | 2,227 | 8 | 1.13 (0.86, 1.48) | 0.38 | 0 | 0.37 | 0.84 |
| Fever (%) | 1,217 (74.0) | 324 (77.7) | 2,062 | 6 | 1.19 (0.83, 1.69) | 0.34 | 32.1 | 0.27 | 0.23 |
| Cough (%) | 1,011 (65.4) | 274 (73.9) | 1,918 | 5 | 1.21 (0.73, 2.01) | 0.46 | 65.3 | 0.017 | 0.07 |
| Dyspnea (%) | 298 (34.9) | 146 (74.1) | 1,051 | 5 | 5.68 (2.11, 15.33) | < 0.001 | 84.6 | < 0.001 | 0.19 |
| Diarrhea (%) | 540 (32.8) | 100 (24.0) | 2,062 | 6 | 0.61 (0.47, 0.78) | < 0.001 | 0 | 0.75 | 0.31 |
| Pneumonia (%) | 582 (55.4) | 240 (93.8) | 1,306 | 3 | 10.64 (3.37, 33.56) | < 0.001 | 25.6 | 0.18 | 0.87 |
| Acute kidney injury (%) | 203 (40.2) | 82 (63.1) | 634 | 5 | 3.24 (1.36, 7.70) | 0.008 | 63.2 | 0.030 | 0.002 |
BMI body mass index, CNI calcineurin inhibitor, MPA mycophenolic acid, mTORi mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, SpO2 oxygen saturation.