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. 2021 Oct 8;12:5913. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25944-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a Schematic representation of NicheNet analysis identifying ligands secreted by innate immune cells that bind to receptors on keratinocytes, mediating changes in gene expression. Lesional skin is compared to non-lesional Δ^KerOTULIN skin. b Heatmap of IL-1β, IL-1α, and IL-18 mRNA expression levels in single cells of control (WT, n = 1), and Δ^KerOTULIN non-lesional (NL, n = 2) and lesional (L, n = 3) skin, as determined by scRNAseq. c Heatmap of average mRNA expression levels of genes involved in inflammasome signaling in control, non-lesional Δ^KerOTULIN and lesional Δ^KerOTULIN keratinocytes, as determined by scRNAseq analysis. d Representative pictures of back skin of mice treated with daily injections of 300 mg/kg Anakinra and untreated controls. Age of the mice is indicated and duration of treatment. H&E-stained skin showing the morphology of the lesion at the time of sacrifice. Scale bar: 200 μm. e Trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements of non-lesional (NL) and healed lesional (L) skin of mice treated with Anakinra compared to untreated lesional skin (treated NL, n = 5; healed L and untreated L n = 4; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001, One-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons). Data represent means ± SEM. f Representative pictures of back skin of mice treated with intraperitoneal injections of 40 mg/kg α-MCP-1 antibody twice weekly. Duration of treatment is indicated. H&E-stained skin showing the morphology of the lesion at the time of sacrifice. Scale bar: 200 μm. g TEWL measurements of non-lesional (NL) and healed lesional (L) skin of mice treated with α-MCP-1 antibody compared to untreated lesional skin (treated NL, n = 5; healed L and untreated L n = 4; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001, One-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons). Data represent means ± SEM.