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. 2021 Oct 8;11:20030. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-99138-7

Table 1.

The following parameters have been utilized in calculations.

Properties Numeric value Description
Density 997 kg/m3 Density of fluid
Temperature 20 °C Temperature of fluid
Dynamic viscosity 8.90 × 10−4 m2/s Dynamic viscosity of fluid
Specific heat ratio 1.330 Fluid’s specific heat ratio
Thermal conductivity 0.613 K(W/m K) Thermal conductivity of fluid
Temperature 1 298 (Kelvin) The temperature at the upper boundary
Temperature 2 300.5 (Kelvin) The temperature at the lower boundary
Size of particle 9 nanometer (nm) Size of the particles in the fluid