TABLE 3.
Hazard ratios for multiple sleep dimensions and hypertension risk by age group in the Sister Study (March 2003–September 2018)a
| Age <54 years |
Age ≥54 years |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sleep dimensions | No. with event/person-years | HR (95% CI)b | No. with event/person-years | HR (95% CI) | P for interaction |
|
| |||||
| Sleep duration | 0.0216 | ||||
| ≤5 h | 247/8687 | 1.12 (0.97–1.29) | 236/7624 | 1.00 (0.86–1.15) | |
| >5 to <7 h | 773/34 052 | 1.09 (1.00–1.19) | 839/29 483 | 0.98 (0.90–1.07) | |
| 7 to <9 h | 2102/117 663 | 1.00 | 2849/103 837 | 1.00 | |
| >9h | 37/1189 | 1.40 (0.99–1.97) | 45/1350 | 1.10 (0.81– 1.49) | |
| Inconsistent weekly sleep patterns | 0.3066 | ||||
| No | 2751/143 645 | 1.00 | 3321/120920 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 411/17 853 | 0.99 (0.88–1.10) | 655/21 509 | 0.96 (0.87–1.05) | |
| Sleep debt ≥2h | 0.2886 | ||||
| No | 2187/117 787 | 1.00 | 3087/112 176 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 904/41 743 | 1.06 (0.97–1.16) | 824/28 036 | 1.04 (0.93–1.15) | |
| Napping ≥3 times/week | 0.0066 | ||||
| No | 2874/150 567 | 1.00 | 3548/128175 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 291/11 252 | 1.13 (0.99–1.29) | 433/14 378 | 0.93 (0.83–1.03) | |
| Insomnia symptoms | 0.0005 | ||||
| No | 2261/126143 | 1.00 | 2895/105 606 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 901/35 542 | 1.19 (1.10–1.29) | 1078/36 696 | 1.01 (0.94–1.09) | |
| Difficulty falling asleep | 0.0050 | ||||
| No | 2539/138 525 | 1.00 | 3276/119 734 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 625/23 172 | 1.18 (1.08–1.30) | 699/22 549 | 1.03 (0.95–1.13) | |
| Difficulty staying asleep | 0.0056 | ||||
| No | 2726/144 513 | 1.00 | 3407/122 488 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 437/17 218 | 1.22 (1.10–1.36) | 569/19 939 | 1.02 (0.93–1.12) | |
| Short sleep and insomnia symptoms | 0.0001 | ||||
| No | 2668/145 049 | 1.00 | 3474/126 025 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 450/15 192 | 1.28 (1.15–1.42) | 441/14 633 | 1.00 (0.90–1.11) | |
| Cumulative poor sleep score | 1.06 (1.02–1.09) c | 0.99 (0.96–1.02)d | <0.0001 | ||
CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.
All models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, marital status, income level, employment status, educational attainment, smoking status, alcohol use, binge drinking, physical activity, healthy eating index score, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio and diabetes), antidepressant use and inconsistent weekly sleep patterns (for sleep debt analyses only).
Bolded estimates and P-values are significant at the 0.05 significance level.
Number of events/person-years for all values of the cumulative poor sleep score for those age <54 years: Score of 0 = 1202 events/72 991 person-years; 1 = 941/437 085; 2 = 561/24 765; 3 = 272/101 008; 4 = 150/4629; 5 = 24/617.
Number of events/person-years for all values of the cumulative poor sleep score for those age ≥54 years: Score of 0 = 1528 events/62 552 person-years; 1 = 1171/41 004; 2 = 631/22 047; 3 = 299/10 286; 4 = 172/5457; 5 = 21/474.