TABLE 5.
Hazard ratios for multiple sleep dimensions and hypertension risk by menopausal status in the Sister Study (March 2003–September 2018)a
| Premenopausal |
Postmenopausal |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sleep dimensions | No. with event/person-years | HR (95% CI)b | No. with event/person-years | HR (95% CI) | P for interaction |
|
| |||||
| Sleep duration | 0.1129 | ||||
| ≤5 h | 162/5821 | 1.08 (0.91–1.29) | 319/10 462 | 1.03 (0.91–1.17) | |
| >5 to <7 h | 570/25 917 | 1.09 (0.98–1.20) | 1041/37 593 | 1.00 (0.93–1.07) | |
| 7 to <9 h | 1661/95311 | 1.00 | 3288/126 099 | 1.00 | |
| >9h | 30/1004 | 1.31 (0.89–1.92) | 52/1536 | 1.15 (0.86–1.52) | |
| Inconsistent weekly sleep patterns | 0.5923 | ||||
| No | 2134/114 342 | 1.00 | 3933/150 092 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 291/13590 | 0.95 (0.83–1.09) | 775/25 761 | 0.98 (0.90–1.06) | |
| Sleep debt ≥2h | 0.5141 | ||||
| No | 1682/93 043 | 1.00 | 3590/136 823 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 697/33 577 | 1.06 (0.96–1.17) | 1028/36169 | 1.04 (0.95–1.14) | |
| Napping ≥3 times/week | 0.0078 | ||||
| No | 2209/119 609 | 1.00 | 4209/159 026 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 217/8591 | 1.14 (0.98–1.32) | 506/17 009 | 0.95 (0.86–1.05) | |
| Insomnia symptoms | 0.0002 | ||||
| No | 1779/102 474 | 1.00 | 3375/129 204 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 647/25 645 | 1.23 (1.11–1.35) | 1329/46 522 | 1.03 (0.96–1.10) | |
| Difficulty falling asleep | 0.0072 | ||||
| No | 1980/111293 | 1.00 | 3831/146 861 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 447/16855 | 1.20 (1.07– 1.34) | 876/28 828 | 1.06 (0.98–1.15) | |
| Difficulty staying asleep | 0.0057 | ||||
| No | 2121/1 16223 | 1.00 | 4009/150 679 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 305/11 919 | 1.26 (1.11–1.43) | 699/25 195 | 1.05 (0.96–1.14) | |
| Insomnia symptoms and short sleep | 0.0019 | ||||
| No | 2085/1 16 416 | 1.00 | 4054/154 565 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 307/10 535 | 1.27 (1.12–1.45) | 582/19 241 | 1.06 (0.97–1.16) | |
| Cumulative poor sleep score | 1.05 (1.02–1.09) c | 1.00 (0.97–1.03)d | 0.0002 | ||
CI, confidence interval.
All models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, marital status, income level, employment status, educational attainment, smoking status, alcohol use, binge drinking, physical activity, healthy eating index score, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, diabetes, antidepressant use and inconsistent weekly sleep patterns (for sleep debt analyses only).
Bolded estimates and P-values are significant at the 0.05 significance level.
Number of events/person-years for all values of the cumulative poor sleep score for premenopausal participants: Score of 0 = 962 events/59 955 person-years; 1 = 730/36 679; 2 = 403/18 994; 3 = 204/8387; 4 = 101/3253; 5 = 18/390.
Number of events/person-years for all values of the cumulative poor sleep score for postmenopausal participants: Score of 0 = 1898 events/75 543 person-years; 1 = 1382/51 373; 2 = 786/27 780; 3 = 367/12 906; 4 = 220/6822; 5 = 27/689.