Table 1.
Description of included studies by study type, and whether parental presence at the bedside (PPB) was assessed directly or indirectly. Direct or indirect assessment is indicated overall for each study type, and for each element of PPB (barriers and enablers, amount and type, or outcomes)
| Direct | Indirect | |
|---|---|---|
| n = 78 (38%) | n = 126 (62%) | |
| Qualitative (n = 68) | 8 | 60 |
| Barriers/enablers | 4 | 55 |
| Amount/quality | 5 | 35 |
| Outcomes | 3 | 47 |
| Quantitative (n = 81) | 51 | 30 |
| Barriers/enablers | 18 | 27 |
| Amount/quality | 22 | 20 |
| Outcomes | 32 | 23 |
| Mixed Methods (n = 22) | 9 | 13 |
| Barriers/enablers | 3 | 13 |
| Amount/quality | 4 | 8 |
| Outcomes | 6 | 8 |
| Descriptive cases/ practice change (n = 9) | 4 | 5 |
| Barriers/enablers | 4 | 5 |
| Amount/quality | 3 | 1 |
| Outcomes | 1 | 5 |
| Other (n = 24) | 6 | 18 |
| Barriers/enablers | 5 | 19 |
| Amount/quality | 2 | 14 |
| Outcomes | 2 | 7 |