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. 2021 Sep 24;9(9):e27535. doi: 10.2196/27535

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of the participants.

Characteristics Intervention group (n=48) Control group (n=46)
Age (years), mean (SD) 41.8 (8.7) 42.4 (8.0)
Sex, n (%)

Women 9 (19) 13 (28)

Men 39 (81) 33 (72)
Severe neck/shoulder stiffness/pain,a n (%) 34 (71) 31 (67)
Severe low back pain,a n (%) 11 (23) 18 (39)
Pain level of neck/shoulder stiffness or low back pain, n (%)

3b 10 (21) 9 (20)

4b 24 (50) 19 (41)

5b 13 (27) 16 (35)

aA score of 4 or more indicates severe pain.

bSubjective ratings of the degree of pain on a scale of 1 to 5.