Table 2.
Subgroup comparisons in terms of demographic data and the presence of Demodex infestation, NFC findings and oxidative stress status
| Parameter | Healthy controls | ETR | PPR | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age [years]; median (Q1, Q3) | 33 (30, 38) | 33 (28, 40) | 38.5 (29, 40) | ††0.616 |
| Gender; n (%): | ||||
| Female | 24 (64.9) | 17 (81) | 5 (50) | ‡0.197 |
| Male | 13 (35.1) | 4 (19) | 5 (50) | |
| BMI; median (Q1, Q3) | 23.1 (21.8, 23.8) | 23.6 (21.3, 24.1) | 23.55 (23.2, 24.6) | ††0.508 |
| Fitzpatrick skin type; n (%): | ||||
| 1 | 1 (2.7) | 6 (28.6) | 2 (20) | §0.016* |
| 2 | 15 (40.5) | 11 (52.4) | 4 (30) | |
| 3 | 17 (45.9) | 2 (9.5) | 3 (30) | |
| 4 | 4 (10.8) | 2 (9.5) | 1 (10) | |
| Demodicosis; n (%) | 0 (0) | 7 (33.3) | 9 (90) | §< 0.001** |
| Avascular area; n (%) | 5 (13.5) | 13 (61.9) | 10 (100) | ‡< 0.001** |
| Increase in the diameters of the capillaries; n (%) | 0 (0) | 4 (19) | 1 (10) | §0.017* |
| Microhaemorrhage; n (%) | 6 (16.2) | 4 (19) | 4 (40) | §0.317 |
| Hairpin structures; n (%) | 29 (78.4) | 7 (33.3) | 4 (40) | ‡0.002** |
| Tortuous structures; n (%) | 11 (29.7) | 10 (47.6) | 4 (40) | §0.393 |
| Crossing structures; n (%) | 8 (21.6) | 15 (71.4) | 0 (0) | ‡< 0.001** |
| Abnormal structures; n (%) | 0 (0) | 9 (42.9) | 5 (50) | §< 0.001** |
| TAC; median (Q1, Q3) | 4.36 (1.45, 7.27) | 4.36 (1.45, 13.09) | 2.18 (1.45, 10.18) | ††0.693 |
| TOC; median (Q1, Q3) | 5 (1.44, 9.33) | 6.67 (2.33, 10.11) | 8.62 (3.11, 13.11) | ††0.556 |
| OSI; median (Q1, Q3) | 1.09 (0.53, 3.37) | 0.91 (0.33, 4.06) | 4.02 (0.28, 7.2) | ††0.492 |
‡
Pearson χ2 test,
§
Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test,
††
Kruskal-Wallis test,
*
p < 0.05,
**
p < 0.01,
Q1 – first quartile, Q3 – third quartile, BMI – body mass index, ETR – erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, PPR – papulopustular rosacea, TAC – total antioxidant capacity, TOC – total oxidant capacity, OSI – oxidative stress index.