Table 1.
Associations between Rural-Urban levels of Birth place and Psychosis Phenotypes (N = 47,004)
| Psychoticism n = 1961 (4.2%) |
Paranoia n = 2572 (5.5%) |
Schizotypal symptoms n = 867 (1.8%)a |
Nuclear syndrome n = 116 (0.2%) |
Diagnosed Schizophrenia n = 63 (0.1%) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | OR (95%CI) | N (%) | OR (95%CI) | N (%) | OR (95%CI) | N (%) | OR | N (%) | OR (95%CI) | |
| Birth Exposure | ||||||||||
|
Level 1 (Rural) n = 24,479 (52.1%) |
1112 (56.7) | Ref (1) | 1346 (52.3) | Ref (1) | 440 (50.8) | Ref (1) | 59 (50.9) | Ref (1) | 34 (54.0) | Ref (1) |
|
Level 2 n = 15,734 (33.5%) |
580 (29.6) | 0.80 (0.72–0.89)*** | 848 (33.0) | 0.97 (0.89–1.06) | 288 (33.2) | 1.00 (0.86–1.16) | 38 (32.7) | 1.02 (0.67–1.53) | 14 (22.2) | 0.69 (0.37–1.29) |
| 0.95 (0.85–1.07) | 1.18 (1.07–1.30)*** | 1.26 (1.07–1.48)** | 1.30 (0.85–1.98) | 0.73 (0.39–1.38) | ||||||
|
Level 3 (Urban) n = 6791 (14.4%) |
269 (13.7) | 0.86 (0.75–0.99)* | 378 (14.7) | 1.00 (0.89–1.13) | 139 (16.0) | 1.12 (0.93–1.36) | 19 (16.4) | 1.18 (0.70–1.98) | 15 (23.8) | 1.74 (0.94–3.22) |
| 1.15 (0.99–1.34) | 1.34 (1.18–1.53)*** | 1.59 (1.29–1.96)*** | 1.71 (1.00–2.93) | 2.07 (1.10–3.87)* | ||||||
Adjusted for age and sex in the first row. Second row for each variable additionally adjusted for PHQ-9 score
aNuclear syndrome excluded from analysis
*P < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001