. 2021 Oct 9;21:493. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03475-w

Table 5.

Odds of Co-occurrence of Etiological Risk Factors in Sample

	Male sex	Ethnic Minority	Low Family Income	Family history (psychosis)	Family history (nonpsychotic)	Loss of parent	Physical abuse	Sexual abuse	Neglect
Ethnic Minority	0.92** (0.87–0.98)	\	\	\	\	\	\	\	\
Low Family Income	1.07** (1.02–1.13)	1.68*** (1.56–1.80)	\	\	\	\	\	\	\
Family history (psychosis)	0.93 (0.75–1.15)	1.20 (0.86–1.67)	2.24*** (1.76–2.85)	\	\	\	\	\	\
Family history (nonpsychotic)	0.77** (0.64–0.93)	0.91 (0.66–1.26)	0.76 (0.56–1.01)	–	\	\	\	\	\
Loss of parent	0.96 (0.82–1.13)	1.59*** (1.28–1.97)	2.89*** (2.45–3.42)	1.87 (0.96–3.66)	2.80*** (1.71–4.58)	\	\	\	\
Physical abuse	1.54*** (1.48–1.60)	1.06 (0.99–1.13)	1.14*** (1.08–1.20)	1.38** (1.10–1.72)	1.43*** (1.18–1.74)	1.33*** (1.13–1.56)	\	\	\
Sexual abuse	0.63*** (0.56–0.70)	1.16 (0.98–1.37)	1.01 (0.87–1.18)	1.45 (0.87–2.42)	1.66* (1.09–2.53)	1.15 (0.75–1.75)	1.63*** (1.39–1.91)	\
Neglect	1.18*** (1.14–1.23)	1.07*** (1.01–1.14)	1.17*** (1.11–1.24)	1.79*** (1.44–2.23)	1.26* (1.03–1.53)	1.46*** (1.24–1.71)	7.19** (6.88–7.52)	0.66*** (0.58–0.75)	\
Urban living 10–15 years	0.90*** (0.86–0.94)	0.74*** (0.69–0.81)	0.28*** (0.26–0.31)	0.77 (0.58–1.02)	1.29* (1.04–1.60)	0.93 (0.76–1.13)	1.03 (0.98–1.08)	0.84* (0.74–0.97)	0.92*** (0.87–0.96)
Urban living Age 1–5 years	0.90*** (0.86–0.94)	0.73*** (0.68–0.79)	0.29*** (0.26–0.32)	0.79 (0.60–1.04)	1.25* (1.01–1.55)	0.89 (0.73–1.08)	1.04 (1.00–1.09)	0.89 (0.78–1.02)	0.93** (0.88–0.97)
Urban birth	0.92** (0.87–0.97)	0.65*** (0.59–0.72)	0.30*** (0.27–0.34)	0.64* (0.44–0.92)	1.22 (0.94–1.57)	0.84 (0.66–1.07)	1.03 (0.97–1.09)	0.84* (0.72–1.00)	0.91*** (0.86–0.96)

Male sex

Ethnic Minority

Low Family Income

Family history (psychosis)

Family history (nonpsychotic)

Loss of parent

Physical abuse

Sexual abuse

Neglect

Ethnic Minority

0.92**

(0.87–0.98)

Low Family Income

1.07**

(1.02–1.13)

1.68***

(1.56–1.80)

Family history (psychosis)

0.93

(0.75–1.15)

1.20

(0.86–1.67)

2.24***

(1.76–2.85)

Family history (nonpsychotic)

0.77**

(0.64–0.93)

0.91

(0.66–1.26)

0.76

(0.56–1.01)

–

Loss of parent

0.96

(0.82–1.13)

1.59***

(1.28–1.97)

2.89***

(2.45–3.42)

1.87

(0.96–3.66)

2.80***

(1.71–4.58)

Physical abuse

1.54***

(1.48–1.60)

1.06

(0.99–1.13)

1.14***

(1.08–1.20)

1.38**

(1.10–1.72)

1.43***

(1.18–1.74)

1.33***

(1.13–1.56)

Sexual abuse

0.63***

(0.56–0.70)

1.16

(0.98–1.37)

1.01

(0.87–1.18)

1.45

(0.87–2.42)

1.66*

(1.09–2.53)

1.15

(0.75–1.75)

1.63***

(1.39–1.91)

Neglect

1.18***

(1.14–1.23)

1.07***

(1.01–1.14)

1.17***

(1.11–1.24)

1.79***

(1.44–2.23)

1.26*

(1.03–1.53)

1.46***

(1.24–1.71)

7.19**

(6.88–7.52)

0.66***

(0.58–0.75)

Urban living 10–15 years

0.90***

(0.86–0.94)

0.74***

(0.69–0.81)

0.28***

(0.26–0.31)

0.77

(0.58–1.02)

1.29*

(1.04–1.60)

0.93

(0.76–1.13)

1.03

(0.98–1.08)

0.84*

(0.74–0.97)

0.92***

(0.87–0.96)

Urban living Age 1–5 years

0.90***

(0.86–0.94)

0.73***

(0.68–0.79)

0.29***

(0.26–0.32)

0.79

(0.60–1.04)

1.25*

(1.01–1.55)

0.89

(0.73–1.08)

1.04

(1.00–1.09)

0.89

(0.78–1.02)

0.93**

(0.88–0.97)

Urban birth

0.92**

(0.87–0.97)

0.65***

(0.59–0.72)

0.30***

(0.27–0.34)

0.64*

(0.44–0.92)

1.22

(0.94–1.57)

0.84

(0.66–1.07)

1.03

(0.97–1.09)

0.84*

(0.72–1.00)

0.91***

(0.86–0.96)

Note: variable in column is the dependent variable in the regression model

Adjusted for age, sex and PHQ-9 score except for male sex

*P < 0.05, **p < 0.01,***p < 0.001