Table 3.
Pooled estimates of odds ratio and corresponding 95% confidence intervals of patient demographic characteristics and severe dengue
| Predictors | Number of studies | Pooled | Heterogeneity test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | I2 (%) | P-value | ||
| Demography | ||||
| Children | 22 | 1.96 (1.22–3.13) | 90.00 | < 0.001 |
| Female | 114 | 1.20 (0.79–1.82) | 80.3 | < 0.001 |
| Secondary infection | 29 | 3.23 (2.28–4.57) | 33.20 | 0.044 |
| Co-morbidities | ||||
| Diabetes | 10 | 2.88 (1.72–4.81) | 40.9 | 0.085 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 4 | 2.27 (0.38–13.71) | 70.8 | 0.016 |
| Obesity | 5 | 0.76 (0.41–1.40) | 32.9 | 0.202 |
| Renal disease | 4 | 4.54 (1.55–13.31) | 45.1 | 0.162 |
| Hypertension | 9 | 1.82 (0.98–3.37) | 63.1 | 0.006 |
| Warning signs | ||||
| ↑Hct & ↓Plt* | 7 | 5.13 (1.61–16.34) | 88.1 | < 0.001 |
| Abdominal pain | 55 | 2.00 (1.49–2.68) | 70.9 | < 0.001 |
| Vomiting | 53 | 1.80 (1.43–2.26) | 62.8 | < 0.001 |
| Lethargy | 10 | 2.73 (1.05–7.10) | 85.1 | < 0.001 |
| Hepatomegaly | 47 | 5.92 (3.29–10.65) | 89.3 | < 0.001 |
| Ascitis | 22 | 6.30 (3.75–10.60) | 67.7 | < 0.001 |
| Pleural effusion | 25 | 5.72 (3.24–10.10) | 76.3 | < 0.001 |
| Gum bleeding | 12 | 2.00 (0.86–4.66) | 56.4 | 0.008 |
| Epistaxis | 11 | 1.85 (0.72–4.70) | 64.4 | 0.002 |
| Hemetemesis | 5 | 12.35 (4.97–30.72) | 52 | 0.080 |
| Melena | 9 | 4.05 (1.64–10.00) | 78.1 | < 0.001 |
| Skin bleeding | 4 | 1.38 (0.47–4.06) | 73.5 | 0.010 |
| GI bleeding | 5 | 9.49 (2.75–32.70) | 78.4 | 0.001 |
*Increase in haematocrit values with concurrent decrease in platelet count
OR odd ratio, CI confidential interval