Table 2.
Treatment strategies
| Liver enzymes | FIB-4 levels | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AST or ALT > 40 UI/L |
AST and ALT ≤ 40 UI/L |
> 2.67 | 1.3–2.67 | < 1.3 | |
| Patients, N | 1275 | 4931 | 816 | 2669 | 2721 |
| Anticoagulation length | |||||
| Median months (IQR) | 4 (2–9) | 5 (2–10) | 4 (2–10) | 4 (2–10) | 4 (2–9) |
| Over 6 months, n (%) | 451 (35%) | 1,658 (34%) | 288 (35%) | 923 (35%) | 898 (33%) |
| Initial therapy | |||||
| LMWH n (%) | 989 (78%) | 3859 (80%) | 656 (80%) | 2051 (77%) | 2141 (79%) |
| Mean LMWH (IU/kg/day) | 183 ± 66‡ | 175 ± 59 | 180 ± 67 | 176 ± 60 | 176 ± 60 |
| LMWH < 100 IU/kg/day | 62 (4.9%) | 308 (6.2%) | 54 (6.6%) | 169 (6.3%) | 147 (5.4%) |
| Unfractionated heparin | 96 (7.5%)‡ | 168 (3.4%) | 54 (6.6%)† | 106 (4.0%) | 104 (3.8%) |
| Direct oral anticoagulants | 89 (7.0%)† | 550 (11%) | 44 (5.4%)‡ | 313 (12%) | 282 (10%) |
| Others | 60 (4.7%) | 240 (4.9%) | 64 (7.8%) | 199 (7.5%) | 194 (7.1%) |
| Inferior vena cava filter | 32 (2.5%) | 92 (1.9%) | 20 (2.5%) | 51 (1.9%) | 53 (1.9%) |
| Long-term therapy | |||||
| Vitamin K antagonists | 606 (49%)‡ | 2223 (45%) | 418 (51%)‡ | 1,301 (49%)‡ | 1,134 (42%) |
| Direct oral anticoagulants | 404 (32%)‡ | 1697 (35%) | 233 (29%)‡ | 891 (33%)* | 989 (36%) |
| LMWH | 213 (17%) | 887 (18%) | 142 (17%) | 419 (16%)‡ | 539 (20%) |
| Mean LMWH (IU/kg/day) | 154 ± 54* | 146 ± 46 | 145 ± 52 | 146 ± 45 | 145 ± 52 |
| LMWH < 100 IU/kg/day | 26 (2.0%) | 101 (2.0%) | 22 (2.7%)* | 63 (2.4%)* | 22 (0.8%) |
AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, FIB-4 Fibrosis liver index 4, IQR inter-quartile range, LMWH Low molecular weight heparin, IU international units
Comparisons between patients: *p < 0.05; †p < 0.01; ‡p < 0.001