Table 2.
Occupational inhalation exposure levels of diisocyanate species (µg m−3) for use of diisocyanates in manufacture of foams.
| CSRs 90th perc. range Long term/short term |
IFA 90th perc. range (Mean) Long term |
HSE Range Long term |
Literature data Range (Mean/median) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDI | 6–29/12–58 | <LoQa–4.2 (Mean 1.7) (N = 1013) |
0.03–0.17 (N = 3) |
• <0.6 (N = 26) [4] |
| • <0.6 (N = 20) [5] | ||||
| TDI | 1–32/1–64 | <1.3–72.8 (Mean 4.7) (N = 110) |
0.06–9.0 (N = 14) [Short term: 1.37–45.0 (N = 13)] |
• <0.2–230 (N = 96) [1b] |
| • 0.08–39.9 (med. 1.2–31.4) (N = 140) [2] | ||||
| • 0.2–58.8 (med. 4.0–9.8) (N = 26) [4] | ||||
| • 0.2–58.9 (mean 3.6–26.3) (N = 20) [5] | ||||
| • 46.5–73.6 (med. 62.9)b, 5.0–86.5 (med. 12.5)c [6] | ||||
| • <7.2–17.4 (N = 26) [7] | ||||
| • 4.2–142 (mean 31.1) (N = 21) [8] | ||||
| • <0.71 (49 workers) [9] | ||||
| • 0.03–3.1 (5 workers) [10] |
a LoQ was not further specified in IFA (2010) report.
b Before risk management measures (RMM) improvements.
c After RMM improvements; [1b] Kääriä et al. (2001a); [2] Sennbro et al. (2004); [4] Brzeźnicki and Bonczarowska (2015); [5] Świerczyńska-Machura et al. (2015); [6] Tinnerberg and Mattsson (2008); [7] (Austin (2007); [8] Geens et al. (2012); [9] Gui et al. (2014); [10] Jones et al. (2017), levels given as total NCO (µg NCO m−3).