. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Pediatr. 2021 May 12;235:288–291. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.05.019

Table 2.

Associations Between Future Orientation and Multiple Forms of Violence

Type of Violence Experience	Prevalence of Violence Experience No. (%)	Association Between Positive Future Orientation and Violence
Type of Violence Experience	Prevalence of Violence Experience No. (%)	Unadjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) ^a
Gun Carrying ^b	100 (4.3%)	0.34 (0.23 – 0.51) ^d	0.44 (0.28 – 0.70) ^d
Threatening Someone with a Weapon ^b	86 (3.7%)	0.20 (0.13 – 0.31) ^d	0.26 (0.16 – 0.41) ^d
Being Threatened with a Weapon ^b	132 (5.6%)	0.35 (0.25 – 0.51) ^d	0.44 (0.30 – 0.65) ^d
Engaging in a Fight ^b	545 (23.2%)	0.65 (0.52 – 0.82) ^d	0.64 (0.50 – 0.81) ^d
Being Injured from a Fight ^b	82 (3.5%)	0.21 (0.14 – 0.33) ^d	0.26 (0.17 – 0.42) ^d
Homicide Survivorship ^c	767 (32.7%)	0.81 (0.66 – 1.01)	0.72 (0.57 – 0.92) ^d
Adolescent Relationship Abuse ^b	191 (8.1%)	0.40 (0.29 – 0.55) ^d	0.45 (0.32 – 0.63) ^d
Sexual Assault ^b	319 (13.6%)	0.61 (0.47 – 0.80) ^d	0.67 (0.50 – 0.89) ^d
Exchange Sex ^c	121 (5.2%)	0.48 (0.33 – 0.72) ^d	0.56 (0.37 – 0.86) ^d

Odds ratios adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, sex assigned at birth, and self-identification as a sexual/gender minority;

Past 12-month history;

Lifetime history;

p<0.01.