TABLE 1.
Demographics, anthropometric measurements and HIV‐related characteristics among PLHIV in Central Kenya
| Covariate | All participants | Urban Clinic | Rural Clinic |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 600 | n = 302 | n = 298 | |
| Median (IQR) or n (%) | Median (IQR) or n (%) | Median (IQR) or n (%) | |
| Age (years) | 46.8 (41.6, 53.1) | 46.6 (41.2, 53.0) | 46.9 (42.0, 53.4) |
| Sex (female) | 383 (63.8%) | 177 (58.6%) | 206 (69.1%) |
| Education Level | |||
| Primary | 334 (55.7%) | 155 (51.3%) | 179 (60.1%) |
| Secondary | 191 (31.7%) | 107 (35.4%) | 84 (28.2%) |
| Post‐Secondary | 56 (9.4%) | 34 (11.3%) | 22 (7.3%) |
| None | 19 (3.2%) | 6 (2.0%) | 13 (4.4%) |
| Time since HIV diagnosis (years) | 9.3 (7.6, 11.1) | 9.1 (7.7, 11.0) | 9.7 (7.6, 11.4) |
| Time on ART (years) | 8.1 (6.5, 10.0) | 8.0 (6.7, 9.6) | 8.3 (6.4, 0.3) |
| Viral load (>0 copies/ml) | 45 (7.5%) | 10 (3.6%) | 35 (12.2%) |
| Current CD4 (cells/ml) | 512 (354, 690) | 482 (324, 660) | 540 (387, 719) |
| Current ART Regimen | |||
| 2NRTI+NNRTI | 560 (93.3%) | 284 (94.0%) | 276 (92.6%) |
| NRTI+NNRTI+PI | 39 (6.5%) | 17 (5.6%) | 22 (7.4%) |
| Other | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Smoking | |||
| Never | 431 (71.8%) | 206 (68.2%) | 225 (75.5%) |
| Previous | 144 (24.0%) | 82 (27.2%) | 62 (20.8%) |
| Current | 25 (4.2%) | 14 (4.6%) | 11 (3.7%) |
| Alcohol Use¥ | 63 (10.5%) | 42 (13.9%) | 21 (7.0%) |
| Hypertension¥ | 215 (35.8%) | 79 (26.2%) | 136 (45.6%) |
| Waist‐Hip Ratio (≥0.9 for males and ≥0.85 for females) | 329 (54.8%) | 158 (52.3%) | 171 (57.4%) |
| Waist Circumference (>102 for males and >88 cm for females) | 200 (33.3%) | 102 (33.8%) | 98 (32.9%) |
| Previously diagnosed T2D | 10 (1.7%) | 3 (1.0%) | 7 (2.3%) |
| Family history of T2D | 125 (20.8%) | 60 (19.9%) | 65 (21.8%) |
| Previous Blood Sugar Screening¥ | 145 (24.2%) | 56 (18.5%) | 89 (29.9%) |
| Random Blood Glucose | 136 (93.8%) | 54 (96%) | 82 (92%) |
| Fasting Blood Glucose | 8 (5.5%) | 1 (2%) | 7 (8%) |
| Haemoglobin A1c | 1 (0.7%) | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) |
| Reasons for Blood Sugar Screening¥ | |||
| Free, for example medical camp | 52 (35.9%) | 19 (34%) | 33 (37%) |
| Test annually by myself | 41 (28.3%) | 12 (21%) | 29 (33%) |
| Test annually by physician | 27 (18.6%) | 13 (23%) | 14 (16%) |
| Part of clinical work‐up | 22 (15.1%) | 9 (16%) | 13 (15%) |
| Due to familial history | 1 (0.7%) | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) |
| Others | 2 (1.4%) | 2 (4%) | 0 (0%) |
Abbreviations: 3TC, lamivudine; ART, antiretroviral therapy; BMI body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; NNRTI, non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; T2D, type 2 diabetes.
¥p‐value <.05 comparing urban to rural clinic.