Table 1.

Summary of family and carer focused practices from survey instruments, concepts of practice from the literature and practice audit tools

Family and carer practices	Survey instruments			Research			Practice audit tools
	Carer experience survey [34]	FFP workforce questionnaire [35]	CUES-C [36]	Practice standards [37]	FF practice review [38]	Conceptual-ising FFP [39]	File audit [40]	Think family audit [41]
1. Identify and acknowledge family and carers	Access and Engagement			Acknowledge Parenthood status (including carer and children)			Acknowledge Parenthood status (including carer and children)	Acknowledge Parenthood status (including carer and children)
2. Engage and communicate with family and carers	Access and Engagement.	Engagement issues		Engaging with carer or children	Coordinated system of care between family & services	Genuine communication	Engaging with carer or children	Engaging with carer or children
3. Involve family member/carer in planning/ collaboration	Involvement in Treatment Identification of Carers. Planning for Ongoing Care		Involvement in planning of treatment and care	Recognition/input of carer and children into planning (e.g. service user recovery, risk plan	Family care planning & goal setting	Collaborative care and treatment planning	Invite input of carer and children into treatment planning	Invite input of carer and children into treatment planning
4. Assessment of family member/ carer needs		Assessing the impact on the child Connectedness		Strength/Risk assessment to children/ Dependent	Assessment of family members		Strength/Risk assessment to children/ dependent	Strength/Risk assessment to children/ dependent
5. Provide or offer ongoing support to family and carers		Support to carers and children Parenting and mental illness	Support for carers	Family support	Instrumental, emotional & social support	Practical support to the family	Family support	Family support
6. Provide psycho-education to family and carers		Family and parenting support	Information about mental illness and its effects	Psychoeducation	Psycho-education to family members	Awareness raising and education	Psycho- education	Psycho- Education
7. Provide or recommend referrals of family and carers to another service		Provide referrals		Use of other services for carer or children	Liaison between family & services		Use of other services regarding needs of carer or children	Use of other services regarding needs of carer or children