Table 1.

Peak-Time and 24-Hour Levels of Lipids Under Baseline and Constant Routine Conditions^a

Lipid	Baseline		Constant routine
	Peak-time (hh:mm) n = 13	24-h AUC (mg/dL * h) n = 13	Peak-time (hh:mm) n = 21	24-h AUC (mg/dL * h) n = 13
Total Cholesterol (M ± SE)	16:14 ± 0:08	3677.77 ± 207.0	16:04 ± 0:27	3613.92 ± 211.7
HDL-C (M ± SE)	16:48 ± 0:09	1174.95 ± 79.9	16:09 ± 0:10	1132.88 ± 72.9
LDL-C (M ± SE)	14:39 ± 0:23	1949.41 ± 178.1	15:45 ± 0:14	1867.91 ± 181.4
TG (M ± SE)	16:55 ± 0:12b	2774.23 ± 289.2b	03:26 ± 0:32	3043.69 ± 318.9

Abbreviations: 24-h AUC, 24-hour area under the curve; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; M, mean; SE, standard error; TG, triglyceride.

^a The estimated peak-time of each outcome measure was derived from Cosinor regression analyses of group averaged data under baseline and constant routine conditions. All lipids exhibited significant 24-h rhythms under both conditions (P < 0.02 for all). Peak-times are reported in relative clock time referenced from the group-average scheduled wake time at 0700 h (06:59 ± 00:56 h). The 24-h AUC was calculated from 17:00 to 17:00 h for baseline and CR.

^b Significant differences between baseline and constant routine (P < 0.01).