Table 2.
Logistic Regression of the Association of Insomnia Severity and the Presence of a Reported Shift in the Amount of Social Jetlag from Before to During the Early Part of the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020
| Unadjusted OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | |||
| Recurrent insomnia (defined as a BNSQ score >6) | ||||||
| Unchanged SJL | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Increased SJL | 1.59 | 1.39 | 1.83 | 1.23 | 1.05 | 1.44 |
| Reduced SJL | 1.70 | 1.52 | 1.90 | 1.27 | 1.11 | 1.46 |
| Moderately severe insomnia (defined as an ISI score >14) | ||||||
| Unchanged SJL | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Increased SJL | 1.98 | 1.70 | 2.31 | 1.54 | 1.28 | 1.86 |
| Reduced SJL | 2.16 | 1.90 | 2.46 | 1.54 | 1.31 | 1.81 |
Notes: Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were controlled for respondents’ sex and age at the time of the survey, SJL before the pandemic, educational level, social restriction, country-specific covid severity and psychological distress. We additionally controlled for the length of the day when the respondent filled out the survey. Unchanged SJL group was settled as the reference. Pseudo-R2 (Nagelkerke method) for non-adjusted and adjusted models: BNSQ: 0.015 and 0.234; ISI: 0.025 and 0.277, respectively.
Abbreviations: BNSQ, Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; SJL, social jetlag; OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.