Table 1. Baseline clinical characteristics of the NGT, A1GDM, and A2GDM groups.
| Characteristics | NGT (n=35) | A1GDM (n=24) | P-valuea | A2GDM (n=11) | P-valueb |
| Group data are presented as mean (standard deviation). *P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001. Parametric Student'st-test or nonparametric Mann-Whitney test (according to the conformity of the data to normal distribution) were used to calculated the P-values. NGT: normal glucose-tolerant group; A1GDM: abnormal glucose-tolerant group without insulin therapy; A2GDM: abnormal glucose-tolerant group with insulin therapy; BMI: body mass index; BMI gain: BMI gain during pregnancy; FBG: fasting blood glucose; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test. aComparison between A1GDM and NGT, bcomparison between A2GDM and NGT. | |||||
| Age (year) | 31.12 (3.96) | 33.83 (4.59) | * | 34.00 (5.68) | |
| Height (cm) | 163.37 (4.95) | 161.91 (4.23) | 159.82 (4.40) | * | |
| Pre-pregnancy weight (kg) | 59.41 (8.67) | 62.34 (11.82) | 60.85 (8.57) | ||
| Pre-pregnancy BMI | 22.22 (2.86) | 23.92 (4.08) | 24.06 (3.65) | ||
| Pre-delivery weight (kg) | 73.77 (8.12) | 74.28 (8.49) | 78.15 (17.24) | ||
| Pre-delivery BMI | 27.60 (2.67) | 28.38 (3.02) | 28.99 (3.07) | ||
| BMI gain | 5.40 (2.06) | 4.68 (1.94) | 4.93 (2.02) | ||
| Systolic pressure (mm/Hg) | 117.97 (10.53) | 120.94 (10.09) | 123.64 (8.13) | ||
| Diastolic pressure (mm/Hg) | 74.91 (8.36) | 78.13 (9.53) | 79.00 (9.98) | ||
| FBG (mmol/L) | 4.26 (0.36) | 5.14 (0.91) | *** | 6.93 (1.21) | *** |
| 1-hour OGTT (mmol/L) | 7.57 (1.45) | 10.72 (1.98) | *** | 13.78 (3.80) | *** |
| 2-hour OGTT (mmol/L) | 6.92 (0.98) | 9.61 (1.65) | *** | 12.42 (2.52) | *** |
| Neonatal weight (g) | 3605.71 (455.43) | 3684.09 (669.65) | 3700.00 (543.60) | ||
| Gestational weeks | 38.90 (0.98) | 38.60 (1.09) | 38.00 (0.77) | *** | |
| Neonatal weight ratio | 1.08 (0.12) | 1.11 (0.18) | 1.16 (0.18) | ||