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. 2021 Oct 11;8:225. doi: 10.1038/s41438-021-00701-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Time course of A. alternata infection of WT, V#10, and MdWRKY75e transgenic lines (#1, #8, and #12) for 48 h for phenotype analysis. b Time course of A. alternata infection of WT, V#10, and MdWRKY75e transgenic lines for 48 h for disease index analysis. c Phenotypes of paraffin sections of leaves infected with A. alternata at 0 and 24 h in WT, V#10, and MdWRKY75e transgenic lines. UEP upper epidermis, EP epidermis, and MY mycelium. d, e Time course of the expression of Alta1 (d) and GAPdh (e) genes in WT, V#10, and MdWRKY75e transgenic lines under A. alternata infection for 48 h. GAPdh and Alta1 in the internal transcribed spacer region sequences of Alternaria species can be used as marker genes for the severity of A. alternata apple pathotype infection⁴⁰. WT: wild-type; V#10: empty vector; and MdWRKY75e#1, MdWRKY75e#8, and MdWRKY75e#12: MdWRKY75e transgenic lines