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. 2021 Sep 27;8:745279. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.745279

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Copyright © 2021 Galvan, Mise and Danesh.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mitochondrial dynamic. Mitochondria continuously change their size and shape by two opposing processes: mitochondrial fission and fusion. During the mitochondrial fission, mitochondria become fragmented in response to cell stress whereas they form an elongated shape increasing ATP production to adjust to cellular stresses. INSP3R, Inositol trisphosphate receptor; DRP1, dynamin-related protein 1; OPA1, optic atrophy 1; VDAC, voltage-dependent anion channel; MID49/51, mitochondrial dynamics proteins of 49 and 51kD; MFN1/2, mitofusin proteins 1 and 2; GRP75, glucose-regulated protein 75.