TABLE 1.
Subject demographics and baseline spirometry
| Healthy | Asthma | COPD | |
| N | 15 (4 male) | 15 (6 male) | 15 (10 male) |
| Age (years) | 30.3±8.5 | 57.2±21.2** | 71.4±9.2**** |
| BMI (kg·m−2) | 23.1±2.5 | 27.1±4.7* | 26.2±6.3 |
| Smoking history (never/current/ex) | 13/1/1 | 12/1/2 | 0/3/12 |
| Smoking history (pack-years)# | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0.25) | 40 (28, 77)****,#### |
| GOLD stages (I/II/III/IV) | – | – | 6/5/4/0 |
| Pre-BD FEV1 (%) | 96.6±12.1 | 90.2±20.0 | 59.5±21.1****,### |
| Pre-BD FVC (%) | 99.3±9.9 | 110.9±21.3 | 90.5±17.8## |
| Pre-BD FEV1/FVC | 82.3±7.2 | 65.4±8.1*** | 49.6±13.8****,### |
| Post-BD FEV1 (%) | – | 88.7±20.0 | 67.0±24.1# |
| Post-BD FVC (%) | – | 105.0±18.0 | 94.0±18.5 |
| Post-BD FEV1/FVC | – | 66.3±8.6 | 52.1±15.1## |
Data are presented as mean±sd or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise stated. BMI: body mass index; GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; BD: bronchodilator; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity. *: p<0.05; **: p<0.01; ***: p<0.001; ****: p<0.0001 compared with healthy controls; #: p<0.05; ##: p<0.01; ###: p<0.001; ####: p<0.0001 compared with asthma.