Fig. 4.

Ablation or inhibition of Gstp, by TLK199, attenuates IL-1β-induced lactate and pro-inflammatory responses in primary MTE cells. A, Measurements of lactate and B, pro-inflammatory cytokines TSLP, GM-CSF, CXCL1, and CCL20 in cell culture supernatants of wild-type and Gstp^−/- MTE cells. n=3–9 per group. C, Wild-type MTE cells were pre-treated with 50 μM TLK199 for 1 h followed by stimulation of 1 ng/mL IL-1β for 24 h. Lactate levels, and D, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in cull culture supernatants. n=3–9 per group. E, Metabolomics data of total levels (unlabeled fraction and labelling with ¹³C glucose) of metabolites in the glycolysis pathway. n=5–6 per group. The heavy metabolites are presented with solid color panels and are depicted as M+3 (green/blue), M+5 (purple), and M+6 (orange). The unlabeled portion of each metabolite is depicted as M and presented with solid white color panels. *p < 0.05 analyzed by two-way ANOVA. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)