Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of study patients on the basis of eGFR strata.
| Baseline characteristics | All | eGFR ≥ 90 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | eGFR 60–90 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 21,963 | 7,354 | 11,262 | 3,167 | |
| Age, years | 58 ± 15 | 48 ± 13 | 61 ± 13 | 68 ± 12 | <0.001 |
| Male sex, % | 49.6 | 64 | 48 | 19 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27 ± 4 | 26 ± 4 | 27 ± 4 | 27 ± 4 | <0.001 |
| Smokers, % | 23.5 | 27 | 22 | 21 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, % | 64.2 | 51.8 | 68 | 78 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 144 ± 23 | 137 ± 22 | 146 ± 23 | 152 ± 23 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 85 ± 13 | 84 ± 13 | 86 ± 12 | 86 ± 13 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 72 ± 12 | 72 ± 12 | 72 ± 2 | 71 ± 12 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 0.93 ± 0.26 | 0.78 ± 0.12 | 0.94 ± 0.13 | 1.26 ± 0.46 | <0.001 |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 81 ± 20 | 103 ± 10 | 76 ± 8 | 50 ± 9 | <0.001 |
| eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, % | 14.4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | <0.001 |
| Normo-micro-macroalbuminuria, % | 89.8 - 9.3 - 0.9 | 89.6 - 9.4 - 0.9 | 90.5 - 8.7 - 0.7 | 88.1 - 10.6 - 1.3 | 0.314 |
| Serum uric acid, mg/dl | 5.02 ± 1.42 | 4.55 ± 1.30 | 5.10 ± 1.35 | 5.88 ± 1.48 | <0.001 |
| Hyperuricemia according to URRAH cut-off for ACM, % |
55 | 41 | 59 | 77 | <0.001 |
| Hyperuricemia according to URRAH cut-off for CVM, % |
30 | 19 | 32 | 53 | <0.001 |
| Gout, % | 1.1 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 2 | <0.001 |
| Allopurinol use, % | 1.5 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 4.4 | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 14.4 ± 1.4 | 14.2 ± 1.4 | 14.5 ± 1.3 | 14.3 ± 1.6 | <0.001 |
| Glucose, mg/dl | 99 ± 25 | 94 ± 22 | 100 ± 24 | 106 ± 32 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, % | 11 | 7 | 12 | 17 | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dl | 213 ± 39 | 207 ± 40 | 216 ± 39 | 212 ± 40 | <0.001 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mg/dl | 55 ± 19 | 55 ± 18 | 55 ± 18 | 54 ± 21 | 0.005 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mg/dl | 133 ± 38 | 129 ± 37 | 136 ± 37 | 131 ± 39 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 129 ± 79 | 117 ± 79 | 133 ± 78 | 143 ± 78 | <0.001 |
| ACE inhibitors, % | 15 | 11 | 15 | 25 | <0.001 |
| Angiotensin II receptor blockers, % | 11 | 9 | 9 | 17 | <0.001 |
| Calcium channel blockers,% | 8 | 6 | 9 | 14 | <0.001 |
| Beta blockers, % | 9 | 9 | 8 | 12 | <0.001 |
| Diuretics, % | 16 | 13 | 16 | 25 | <0.001 |
| Statins, % | 5 | 4 | 5 | 10 | <0.001 |
Data presented as mean ± standard deviation or percentage. eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACM, all-cause mortality; CVM, cardiovascular mortality; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme.