Table 1.
Summary of study characteristics, safety, and efficacy of all included cohort studies.
| Author | Study type | Cancer type | Initial ICIs type | Initial irAEs a | Rechallenge ratios | Type of rechallenged ICIs | Rechallenged irAEs | Disease response after rechallenge | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CTLA-4 | PD-1/PD-L1 | Combinations | Type | Total irAEs | Low-grade irAEs | High-grade irAEs | CTLA-4 | PD-1/PD-L1 | Combination | Type | Total irAEs | Low-grade irAEs | High-grade irAEs | ORR | DCR | ||||
| Abu-Sbeih (7) b | M | Multiple | 47 | 79 | 41 | Diarrhea and/or colitis | 167 | 105 | 62 | 167/167 | 32/167 | 135/167 | 0/167 | Diarrhea and/or colitis | 57/167 | 51/167 | 6/167 | NA | NA |
| Abu-Sbeih (20) | S | Multiple | 627/2,279 | 1,434/2,279 | 218/2,279 | Pancreatic injury | 82/2,279 | 41/2,279 | 41/2,279 | 35/82 | NA | NA | NA | Pancreatic injury | 4/35 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Amode (21) | S | Melanoma | 82/82 | 0/82 | 0/82 | NA | 23/82 | 13/82 | 10/82 | 23/23 | 0/23 | 23/23 | 0/23 | NA | 14/23 | 10/23 | 4/23 | 5/23 | 8/23 |
| Cortazar (22)b,c | M | Multiple | 44 | 137 | 39 | Acute kidney injury | 138 | NA | NA | 31/138 | NA | NA | NA | Acute kidney injury | 7/31 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Delyon (23) | S | Melanoma | NA | NA | NA | Diarrhea and/or colitis | 25 | NA | NA | 11/25 | 2/11 | 8/11 | 1/11 | Diarrhea and/or colitis | 1/11 | 0/11 | 1/11 | NA | NA |
| Dubey (24) | S | Multiple | 186/1,834 | 1,215/1,834 | 433/1,834 | Neurological | NA | NA | 28/1,834 | 10/28 | NA | NA | NA | Neurological | 6/10 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Fujita (15) | S | NSCLC | 0/18 | 18/18 | 0/18 | Global | NA | NA | NA | 18/18 | 0/18 | 18/18 | 0/18 | Global | NA | NA | NA | 0/18 | 7/18 |
| Fujita (9) | S | NSCLC | 0/12 | 12/12 | 0/12 | Global | NA | NA | NA | 12/12 | 0/12 | 12/12 | 0/12 | Global | NA | NA | NA | 1/12 | 5/12 |
| Koyauchi (25) | M | NSCLC | 0/592 | 592/592 | 0/592 | Pneumonitis | 79/592 | 49/592 | 30/592 | 16/79 | 0/16 | 16/16 | 0/16 | Pneumonitis | 5/16 | 5/16 | 0/16 | 8/16 | 14/16 |
| Menzies (26) b | M | Melanoma | NA | NA | NA | Global | 67 | 9 | 58 | 67/67 | 0/67 | 67/67 | 0/67 | NA | 25/67 | 11/67 | 14/67 | NA | NA |
| Miller (27) | S | Multiple | 1,446/5,762 | 4,001/5,762 | 315/5,762 | Hepatotoxicity | 433/5,762 | 333/5,762 | 100/5,762 | 31/433 | 5/31 | 25/31 | 1/31 | Hepatotoxicity | 8/31 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Morse (28) | M | Colorectal cancer | 0/119 | 0/119 | 119/119 | Global | 67/119 | 38/119 | 29/119 | 25/67 | 0/25 | 0/25 | 25/25 | Global | 14/25 | 8/25 | 6/25 | NA | NA |
| Mouri (29) | S | NSCLC | 0/187 | 187/187 | 0/187 | Global | 49/187 | 34/187 | 15/187 | 21/49 | 0/21 | 21/21 | 0/21 | Global | 15/21 | 14/21 | 1/21 | 3/21 | 18/21 |
| Naidoo (30) | M | Multiple | 0/915 | 716/915 | 199/915 | Pneumonitis | 43/915 | 31/915 | 12/915 | 12/43 | NA | NA | NA | Pneumonitis | 3/12 | 3/12 | 0/12 | NA | NA |
| Nomura (10) | S | Melanoma | 0/8 | 8/8 | 0/8 | Global | NA | NA | NA | 8/8 | 2/8 | 6/8 | 0/8 | Global | NA | NA | NA | 2/8 | 5/8 |
| Pollack (14) | M | Melanoma | 0/80 | 0/80 | 80/80 | Global | 80/80 | 25/80 | 55/80 | 80/80 | 0/80 | 80/80 | 0/80 | Global | 40/80 | 26/80 | 14/80 | 56/80 | 71/80 |
| Santini (11) | S | NSCLC | 0/482 | 432/482 | 50/482 | Global | 68/482 | 35/482 | 33/482 | 38/68 | 0/38 | 38/38 | 0/38 | NA | 20/38 | 12/38 | 8/38 | 18/38 | 31/38 |
| Williams (31) | S | Multiple | 28/103 | 59/103 | 16/103 | Global | 103/103 | 79/103 | 24/103 | 86/103 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 4/86 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4; DCR, disease control rate; ICIs, immune checkpoint inhibitors; irAEs, immune-related adverse events; IS, immunosuppressant; M, multicenter retrospective study; NA, not applicable; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; ORR, objective response rate; PD-1, programmed cell death protein-1; PD-L1, programmed cell death protein ligand-1; S, single-center retrospective study.
a
Low-grade was considered as grades 1–2, and high-grade was considered as grade ≥3.
b
No detailed information about all patients in the initial ICI treatment.
c
Numbers in initial ICI type in this article denote all ICIs ever received.