Table 2.
Results from clinical scores and “lean-and-release” assessment including the COM velocity
| Outcome measures | Rapid Movement Training Group (RMT) | Conventional Balance Training Group (CBT) | P | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | P | Pre | Post | P | Time | Group x Time | |
| Primary outcome measures | ||||||||
| BBS | 49.13 (1.63) | 52.75 (2.46) | 0.001** | 48.64 (2.56) | 52.00 (2.96) | 0.005** | < 0.001*** | 0.886 |
| TUG (s) | 14.66 (3.42) | 12.62 (2.54) | 0.011* | 18.16 (7.57) | 17.65 (5.79) | 0.950 | 0.070 | 0.085 |
| Secondary outcome measures | ||||||||
| FMA | 60.63 (18.20) | 65.19 (17.14) | 0.015* | 58.64 (16.43) | 60.43 (17.34) | 0.257 | 0.010** | 0.790 |
| ABC (%) | 74.22 (11.41) | 74.59 (19.07) | 0.943 | 67.53 (20.00) | 70.62 (17.84) | 0.300 | 0.147 | 0.697 |
| BI | 19.63 (0.50) | 19.69 (0.60) | 0.669 | 19.29 (1.33) | 19.21 (1.85) | 0.856 | 1.000 | 0.637 |
| Step displacement (% of height) | 28.33 (9.69) | 29.66 (9.08) | 0.166 | 30.55 (8.94) | 28.92 (9.11) | 0.039* | 0.798 | 0.018* |
| Step length (% of height) | 28.19 (9.64) | 29.48 (9.01) | 0.176 | 30.40 (8.95) | 28.78 (9.10) | 0.043* | 0.778 | 0.020* |
| Step width (% of height) | 2.20 (1.96) | 2.72 (2.10) | 0.295 | 2.17 (1.87) | 2.44 (1.47) | 0.349 | 0.181 | 0.666 |
| Movement onset time (s) | 229.60 (74.25) | 218.83 (65.26) | 0.108 | 228.67 (91.71) | 221.85 (68.80) | 0.440 | 0.103 | 0.707 |
| Movement completion time (s) | 496.62 (137.63) | 494.98 (130.88) | 0.800 | 493.38 (149.14) | 481.11 (135.84) | 0.346 | 0.312 | 0.437 |
| Number of steps | 2.37 (1.25) | 2.39 (1.34) | 0.904 | 2.83 (1.47) | 2.85 (1.44) | 0.967 | 0.925 | 0.988 |
| at MOT (mm/s) | 180.73 (108.57) | 201.56 (107.32) | 0.289 | 190.72 (98.50) | 177.81 (90.70) | 0.335 | 0.740 | 0.164 |
| at MCT (mm/s) | 763.89 (240.19) | 773.80 (229.10) | 0.750 | 760.23 (224.19) | 783.86 (230.40) | 0.394 | 0.422 | 0.741 |
BBS Berg Balance Scale, FMA Fugl-Meyer Assessment, TUG Timed-Up-and-Go, ABC Activities Balance Confidence Scale, BI Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living, MOT movement onset time, MCT movement completion time, , velocity of center of mass
Clinical scores such as BBS, TUG, FMA, ABC and BI (RMT n = 16, CBT n = 14) were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U test (Group × Time) and Wilcoxon Singed Rank Test (Time). “Lean-and-release” assessment results such as spatiotemporal data (RMT n = 15, CBT n = 13) were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA
The bold indicate statistically significant results. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001