Table 4.
Associations between rest-activity rhythm patterns and incident MCI across logistic models.
| Pattern | N Events | Minimal* | Multivariable† | Sleep‡ | Prior§ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio (95% CI) | |||||
| Intradaily variability, 0–2 | 285 | ||||
| Q1: 0.26 to <0.51 | 68 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Q2: 0.51 to <0.63 | 67 | 1.00 (0.67, 1.48) | 1.00 (0.67, 1.51) | 1.00 (0.67, 1.51) | 1.00 (0.66, 1.50) |
| Q3: 0.63 to <0.77 | 72 | 1.05 (0.71, 1.56) | 1.07 (0.71, 1.62) | 1.07 (0.71, 1.62) | 1.06 (0.70, 1.61) |
| Q4: 0.77 to 1.89 | 78 | 1.39 (0.93, 2.06) | 1.36 (0.89, 2.07) | 1.34 (0.88, 2.05) | 1.35 (0.89, 2.06) |
| P-value for linear trend | 0.11 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.16 | |
| Interdaily stability, 0–1 | 285 | ||||
| Q1: 0.20 to <0.73 | 73 | 1.30 (0.86, 1.94) | 1.27 (0.83, 1.94) | 1.25 (0.81, 1.91) | 1.27 (0.83, 1.94) |
| Q2: 0.73 to <0.80 | 76 | 1.24 (0.83, 1.85) | 1.27 (0.84, 1.91) | 1.25 (0.83, 1.89) | 1.26 (0.84, 1.90) |
| Q3: 0.80 to <0.85 | 75 | 1.29 (0.86, 1.92) | 1.39 (0.80, 2.05) | 1.36 (0.90, 2.04) | 1.36 (0.91, 2.05) |
| Q4: 0.85 to 0.98 | 61 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| P-value for linear trend | 0.26 | 0.34 | 0.40 | 0.35 | |
| L5, activity counts/min | 287 | ||||
| Q1: 41 to <185 | 72 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Q2: 185 to <263 | 79 | 1.25 (0.85, 1.83) | 1.27 (0.86, 1.87) | 1.20 (0.81, 1.79) | 1.26 (0.85, 1.86) |
| Q3: 263 to <384 | 63 | 0.94 (0.63, 1.40) | 0.93 (0.62, 1.40) | 0.84 (0.54, 1.30) | 0.92 (0.61, 1.39) |
| Q4: 384 to 2027 | 73 | 1.08 (0.73, 1.60) | 1.07 (0.71, 1.61) | 0.83 (0.47, 1.46) | 1.05 (0.70, 1.58) |
| P-value for linear trend | 0.96 | 0.9 | 0.32 | 0.84 | |
| L5 midpoint | 287 | ||||
| < 1:42 AM | 43 | 0.94 (0.64, 1.39) | 0.92 (0.62, 1.37) | 0.92 (0.62, 1.37) | 0.92 (0.62, 1.37) |
| 1:42 AM to 4:39 AM | 203 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| > 4:39 AM | 41 | 0.90 (0.60, 1.34) | 0.88 (0.58, 1.34) | 0.87 (0.57, 1.31) | 0.88 (0.58, 1.33) |
| M10, activity counts/min | 275 | ||||
| Q1: 1633 to <3534 | 73 | 1.41 (0.93, 2.13) | 1.49 (0.95, 2.32) | 1.50 (0.96, 2.35) | 1.48 (0.94, 2.31) |
| Q2: 3534 to <4077 | 74 | 1.42 (0.94, 2.14) | 1.48 (0.96, 2.26) | 1.49 (0.97, 2.29) | 1.47 (0.95, 2.26) |
| Q3: 4077 to <4612 | 70 | 1.15 (0.76, 1.73) | 1.20 (0.79, 1.82) | 1.20 (0.79, 1.83) | 1.20 (0.79, 1.82) |
| Q4: 4612 to 7578 | 58 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| P-value for linear trend | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.06 | |
| M10 midpoint | 275 | ||||
| < 11:59 AM | 41 | 1.24 (0.82, 1.88) | 1.29 (0.85, 1.97) | 1.31 (0.86, 1.99) | 1.30 (0.85, 1.98) |
| 11:59 AM to 3:17 PM | 193 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| > 3:17 PM | 41 | 1.11 (0.74, 1.68) | 1.00 (0.65, 1.52) | 0.98 (0.64, 1.49) | 1.00 (0.65, 1.52) |
| Relative amplitude, 0–1 | 275 | ||||
| Q1: 0.16 to <0.82 | 70 | 1.11 (0.74, 1.66) | 1.12 (0.73, 1.72) | 0.92 (0.52, 1.62) | 1.11 (0.72, 1.70) |
| Q2: 0.82 to <0.88 | 63 | 0.98 (0.65, 1.47) | 0.96 (0.63, 1.46) | 0.88 (0.57, 1.38) | 0.95 (0.63, 1.45) |
| Q3: 0.88 to <0.92 | 73 | 1.23 (0.83, 1.82) | 1.24 (0.83, 1.86) | 1.19 (0.79, 1.79) | 1.24 (0.83, 1.85) |
| Q4: 0.92 to 0.98 | 69 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| P-value for linear trend | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.55 | 0.95 |
CI, confidence interval; L5, least active 5-hour period; M10, most active 10-hour period; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; BMI, body mass index; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living.
*Minimal: Adjusted for clinic site, age, race, and education.
†Multivariable: Adjusted for Minimal + BMI, history of any of six select medical conditions, history of hypertension, depression, antidepressant use, benzodiazepine use, sleep medication use, smoking, alcohol use, caffeine intake, walking for exercise, and self-reported health status.
‡Sleep: Adjusted for Multivariable + actigraphic sleep efficiency.
§Prior: Adjusted for Multivariable + number of IADL impairments. Adapted from Tranah et al. [17].
NOTE. P-values are from tests for trends across quartiles. The associations between L5 and M10 midpoint and the outcome is hypothesized to be nonlinear, so the test for linear trend was not performed.; Bold values indicate significance at P < 0.05.