Table 4.
Fully Adjusted and Reduced (No Immunosuppressives) Model Results Showing Associations between Demographic and Clinical Characteristics and COVID-19 Infection
|
Variable |
Fully Adjusted Model Immunosuppressives Included |
Reduced Model Immunosuppressives Removed |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) | P Value | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Noninfectious uveitis | 1.05 (1.00, 1.10) | 0.04 | 1.06 (1.01, 1.12) | 0.03 |
| Age (yrs) | 0.998 (0.998, 0.999) | <0.001 | 0.998 (0.998, 0.999) | <0.001 |
| Continuous enrollment (yrs) | 1.004 (1.003, 1.005) | <0.001 | 1.004 (1.003, 1.005) | <0.001 |
| Male vs. Female | 0.98 (0.98, 0.99) | <0.001 | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | <0.001 |
| Unknown vs. Female | 0.55 (0.44, 0.68) | <0.001 | 0.55 (0.44, 0.68) | <0.001 |
| Asian vs. White | 0.70 (0.68, 0.71) | <0.001 | 0.69 (0.68, 0.71) | <0.001 |
| Black vs. White | 1.12 (1.11, 1.14) | <0.001 | 1.12 (1.11, 1.13) | <0.001 |
| Hispanic vs. White | 1.57 (1.55, 1.59) | <0.001 | 1.57 (1.55, 1.58) | <0.001 |
| Other/Unknown vs. White | 1.10 (1.08, 1.11) | <0.001 | 1.10 (1.08, 1.11) | <0.001 |
| Midwest vs. South | 1.05 (1.04, 1.06) | <0.001 | 1.05 (1.04, 1.06) | <0.001 |
| Northeast vs. South | 1.28 (1.27, 1.30) | <0.001 | 1.27 (1.26, 1.29) | <0.001 |
| West vs. South | 0.87 (0.86, 0.88) | <0.001 | 0.86 (0.85, 0.87) | <0.001 |
| Other/Unknown vs. South | 0.03 (0.03, 0.04) | <0.001 | 0.03 (0.03, 0.04) | <0.001 |
| Probable renter vs. Probable homeowner |
1.12 (1.11, 1.14) | <0.001 | 1.12 (1.11, 1.14) | <0.001 |
| Unknown vs. Probable homeowner | 1.24 (1.23, 1.25) | <0.001 | 1.24 (1.23, 1.25) | <0.001 |
| Current/former smoker vs. Never smoker |
0.91 (0.90, 0.93) | <0.001 | 0.92 (0.91, 0.93) | <0.001 |
| Unknown smoking status vs. Never smoker |
0.88 (0.88, 0.89) | <0.001 | 0.88 (0.87, 0.89) | <0.001 |
| Asthma | 1.10 (1.09, 1.12) | <0.001 | 1.13 (1.11, 1.15) | <0.001 |
| Autoimmune disease | 1.05 (1.03, 1.06) | <0.001 | 1.06 (1.04, 1.07) | <0.001 |
| Cancer | 0.95 (0.93, 0.96) | <0.001 | 0.95 (0.94, 0.97) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 1.20 (1.19, 1.22) | <0.001 | 1.20 (1.19, 1.22) | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular | 1.05 (1.03, 1.06) | <0.001 | 1.05 (1.03, 1.06) | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1.14 (1.13, 1.16) | <0.001 | 1.14 (1.13, 1.16) | <0.001 |
| Chronic lung disease | 1.12 (1.11, 1.14) | <0.001 | 1.14 (1.13, 1.16) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 1.24 (1.23, 1.25) | <0.001 | 1.24 (1.22, 1.25) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin disorder | 1.10 (1.01, 1.20) | 0.03 | 1.10 (1.01, 1.20) | 0.03 |
| HIV/AIDS | 1.41 (1.32, 1.51) | <0.001 | 1.41 (1.32, 1.51) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 1.04 (1.03, 1.05) | <0.001 | 1.05 (1.03, 1.06) | <0.001 |
| Liver disease | 1.16 (1.08, 1.25) | <0.001 | 1.16 (1.08, 1.24) | <0.001 |
| Neurologic disease | 2.33 (2.29, 2.36) | <0.001 | 2.31 (2.28, 2.34) | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 1.21 (1.20, 1.22) | <0.001 | 1.22 (1.20, 1.23) | <0.001 |
| Solid organ transplant | 1.11 (1.04, 1.18) | 0.001 | 1.11 (1.04, 1.18) | <0.001 |
| Pregnancy | 1.36 (1.31, 1.40) | <0.001 | 1.36 (1.31, 1.40) | <0.001 |
| Systemic corticosteroids | 1.19 (1.18, 1.20) | <0.001 | ||
| DMARDs | 0.91 (0.88, 0.95) | <0.001 | ||
| TNF-α inhibitors | 1.11 (1.04, 1.19) | 0.002 | ||
| IL-6 inhibitors | 0.96 (0.71, 1.30) | 0.79 | ||
| Other biologics | 1.00 (0.93, 1.07) | 0.94 | ||
| Other immunosuppressive drugs | 0.87 (0.83, 0.93) | <0.001 | ||
AIDS = acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; CI = confidence interval; DMARD = disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; HR = hazard ratio; IL-6 = interleukin 6; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor alpha.
P values calculated from Cox proportional hazards models. Reference groups for comorbidities and medications are the group of patients without the given disease or without a prescription for the given medication.