Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Criteria	Inclusion	Exclusion
Population	Pregnant women classified as having or not GDM with a specified method	Women with diabetes and other pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia or hypertension, not valid comparison, not specified diabetes type, studies in animals
Intervention	Evaluation of blood analytes, amniotic fluid analytes, annexes samples, and ultrasound assessment Analytes collected from the 14^th weeks of gestation to the time of birth and focused on GDM women	Genetic analytes (e.g. nucleotide polymorphisms), urine analytes
Comparison	Non GDM patients or different groups of GDM patients (for examples diet only, medications)
Outcomes	- Comparison of values between GDM patients compared to non GDM ones (measured/compared and reported) - A total cohort of at least 30 AND/OR groups of minimum 15 patients and specified diagnostic process
Study design	Randomized control trial, case–control, cohort, diagnostic study Comprehensible English language	Systematic reviews, case-reports, review articles
Quality assessment	CASP scores: at least 7/11 for case–control studies and 8/12 for diagnostic and cohort studies

CASP Critical Appraisal Skills Programme

Annexes sample Biomarkers of placenta and umbilical cord