Table 2.
Univariate predictors of new onset AF in all patients
| Univariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value prior to correction | |
| Baseline and clinical | ||
| Age at scan, per year | 1.07 (1.04–1.10) | < 0.001* |
| Age ≥ 55 years (rounded ROC threshold) | 5.94 (2.50–14.09) | < 0.001* |
| Male sex | 0.95 (0.43–2.11) | 0.903 |
| Systolic blood pressure, per mmHg | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.341 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, per mmHg | 1.03 (0.99–1.06) | 0.155 |
| Body mass index, per unit | 1.03(0.96–1.12) | 0.393 |
| Hypertension | 2.00 (0.99–4.03) | 0.051 |
| Diabetes | 0.73(0.17–3.07) | 0.669 |
| Smoking history | 1.16 (0.55–2.45) | 0.692 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 1.04 (0.36–2.96) | 0.947 |
| Family history of SCD 1st degree relative | 0.45 (0.17–2.23) | 0.454 |
| Family history of SCD 2nd degree relative | 1.21 (0.42–3.46) | 0.725 |
| SCD risk score (ESC) | 1.04 (0.86–1.26) | 0.673 |
| VT | 1.43 (0.59–3.46) | 0.433 |
| TIA stroke | 2.92 (0.69–12.31) | 0.145 |
| Syncope | 0.48 (0.11–2.02) | 0.318 |
| NYHA class | 1.79 (1.09–2.93) | 0.021 |
| LGE, presence or absence | 6.27 (0.85–46.05) | 0.071 |
| LGE mass, g | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.871 |
| LGE, % | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 0.926 |
| Presence of sarcomeric variant | 0.52 (0.23–1.17) | 0.113 |
| Mitral regurgitation presence (any grade) vs absence | 1.16 (0.81–1.67) | 0.407 |
| Mitral regurgitation grade 1/nomitral regurgitation vs grade 2/3/4 | 2.16 (0.97–4.79) | 0.058 |
| Medication | ||
| Beta-blockers | 1.22 (0.61–2.44) | 0.577 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 1.96 (0.95–4.02) | 0.067 |
| ACE-I/ARB | 1.61 (0.78–3.34) | 0.201 |
| Diuretics | 0.88 (0.12–6.46) | 0.899 |
| Aspirin | 1.00 (0.48–2.09) | 0.994 |
| CMR: LA | ||
| LA diameter, mm, continuous | 1.05 (0.99–1.12) | 0.046 |
| LA diameter ≥ 45 mm (ESC threshold) | 1.58 (0.61–4.12) | 0.348 |
| LA diameter ≥ 42 mm (ROC threshold rounded) | 2.11 (1.05–4.25) | 0.036 |
| LAEDV index, mL/m2, continuous | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | 0.023 |
| LAEDV index ≥ 50 mL/m2 (ROC threshold rounded) | 2.15 (1.08–4.27) | 0.029 |
| LAESV index, mL/m2, continuous | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) | < 0.001* |
| LAESV index ≥ 27 mL/m2 (ROC threshold rounded) | 2.42 (1.22–4.82) | 0.012 |
| LA reservoir strain, % (continuous) | 0.86 (0.81–0.91) | < 0.001* |
| LA reservoir strain ≤ 18% (ROC threshold rounded) | 3.64 (1.81–7.32) | < 0.001* |
| LA conduit strain, %, continuous | 0.88 (0.81–0.95) | 0.002* |
| LA conduit strain ≤ 12% (ROC threshold rounded) | 3.15 (1.29–7.72) | 0.012 |
| LA booster strain, %, continuous | 0.87 (0.78–0.97) | 0.014 |
| LA booster strain ≤ 8% (ROC threshold rounded) | 2.93 (1.44–5.95) | 0.003* |
| LAEF (%) continuous | 0.94 (0.92–0.97) | < 0.001* |
| LAEF ≤ 45%, (ROC threshold rounded) | 3.42 (1.72–6.78) | < 0.001* |
| CMR: left ventricle | ||
| LV maximal wall thickness, mm | 1.06 (1.00–1.14) | 0.059 |
| LV mass, grams | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 0.180 |
| LVOT max pressure gradient, mmHg | 1.04 (0.95–1.14) | 0.350 |
| LVEDV index (mL/m2) | 0.98 (0.95–1.00) | 0.069 |
| LVESV index (mL/m2) | 0.96 (0.91–1.01) | 0.114 |
| LV stroke volume index, mL/m2 | 0.98 (0.94–1.01) | 0.163 |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 0.506 |
LA left atria, LAEDV left atrial end diastolic volume, LAEF left atrial ejection fraction, LAESV left atrial end systolic volume, LGE late gadolinium enhancement (5-SD), LGE % percentage of tissue enhanced by gadolinium, LV left ventricle, LVOT left ventricular outflow tract, LVEDV left ventricular end diastolic volume, LVESV left ventricular end systolic volume, LVSV left ventricular stroke volume, NYHA New York Heart Association, SCD sudden cardiac death, TIA transient ischemic attack, VT ventricular tachycardia
*Indicates a significant difference given Bonferroni correction to the P value as stated in the methods