Table 3.

Risk of bias assessment of the included articles

Authors/study	Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Allocation sequence concealment (selection bias)	Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias)	Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias)	Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)	Selective outcome reporting (reporting bias)
Rezaei et al. [47]	L	L	L	U	L	U
Raygan et al. [51]	L	L	L	L	L	L
Yang et al. [29]	L	L	L	U	L	U
Edel et al. [34]	L	U	L	U	L	L
Akrami et al. [52]	L	H	U	H	L	U
de Oliveira et al. [41]	H	L	L	L	L	U
Yari et al. [48]	L	H	H	U	L	U
Yari et al. [49]	U	U	U	L	L	U
Cassani et al. [40]	U	L	H	U	L	U
Machado et al. [22]	U	L	L	U	L	U
Brahe et al. [44]	L	L	L	L	L	U
Torkan et al. [50]	U	H	U	H	L	L
Saxena et al. [46]	U	H	U	H	U	L
Dittrich et al. [45]	U	L	L	L	L	U
Soltani et al. [53]	H	U	H	H	L	L
Hutchins et al. [21]	H	U	U	L	L	U
Faintuch et al. [43]	U	L	L	L	L	U
Gillingham et al. [35]	L	L	H	L	L	U
Rhee et al. [33]	U	L	U	U	L	U
Fukumitsu et al. [20]	U	U	L	U	L	L
Wu et al. [28]	U	H	U	U	U	U
Bloedon et al. [23]	U	L	L	U	L	L
Patade et al. [30]	U	U	L	U	L	L
Zhang et al. [19]	U	U	L	U	L	L
Faintuch et al. [42]	U	L	L	L	L	U
Paschos et al. [37]	U	L	L	U	L	U
Rallidis et al. [39]	U	U	U	L	L	U
Rallidis et al. [38]	U	U	L	U	L	L
Jenkins et al. [36]	U	U	U	U	L	L
Arjmandi et al., [31]	U	U	L	U	L	L
Bierenbaum et al. [32]	U	L	H	U	L	U

H, high risk; L, low risk; U, unclear