Fig. 3.

Relative effects on ACE2-binding activity for missense mutations in GISAID isolates and within individual variation. Distribution of relative effects on binding activity of unique missense mutations within the receptor-binding domain that are observed one or more times in GISAID isolates and Galaxy Project within individual variation. Change in relative ACE2 binding of two notable amino acid substitutions within the receptor-binding domain of spike observed in variants of concern, N501Y and E484K, are annotated as dotted lines.