Table 5.

Mean change in weight and other outcomes between baseline and 12-week follow up within risperidone (n = 23).

	Baseline		12-week		Paired t-test		Generalised estimating equations
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean change	p value a	β	95% CI Lower	95% CI Upper	p value b
Weight (kg)	86.93	14.44	87.33	15.21	0.40	0.372	0.40	−0.45	1.26	0.352
BMI (kg/m2)	32.13	4.74	32.53	5.02	−0.39	0.056	0.39	16.30	48.69	0.039
Waist circumference (cm)	104.56	9.56	104.98	10.38	0.43	0.550	0.43	−0.92	1.77	0.535
Metabolic parameters
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	5.49	1.37	5.52	1.75	0.03	0.900	0.03	−0.37	0.42	0.897
HbA1c (%)	5.90	0.86	5.89	0.99	−0.01	0.907	−0.01	−0.15	0.13	0.904
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.73	0.87	4.50	0.81	−0.23	0.147	−0.23	−0.53	0.06	0.124
HDL (mmol/L)	1.25	0.38	2.53	0.62	−0.01	0.699	−0.01	−0.06	0.04	0.688
LDL (mmol/L)	2.71	0.70	1.24	0.35	−0.19	0.245	−0.19	−0.49	0.11	0.221
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.76	1.10	1.73	0.95	−0.04	0.754	−0.04	−0.27	0.19	0.745
Neurocognition tests
Symbol coding	40.09	8.30	42.26	10.82	2.17	0.125	2.17	−0.44	4.79	0.103
Digit span	17.48	4.59	17.35	3.46	−0.13	0.824	−0.13	−1.24	0.98	0.818
Clinical scales
GAF total	70.22	7.90	73.83	8.18	3.61	0.036	3.61	0.52	6.70	0.022
CGIS	2.13	0.81	1.83	0.72	−0.30	0.031	−0.30	−0.56	−0.05	0.019
CGII	1.91	0.68	2.26	1.14	0.36	0.119	0.36	−0.06	0.78	0.096
PANSS total	46.52	8.36	46.96	10.32	0.43	0.810	0.43	−2.99	3.86	0.804
WHODAS	17.83	5.79	18.57	6.00	0.74	0.508	0.74	−1.37	2.84	0.491

β: beta coefficient; CI: confidence interval; BMI: body mass index; HbA1c: haemoglobin A1c; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; GAF: Global Assessment of Functioning; CGI-S: Clinical Global Impression–Severity; CGI-I: Clinical Global Impression–Improvement; PANSS: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; WHODAS: World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale.

^aPaired t test.

^bAge, sex, dosage and baseline measurements as covariates.

Bold values denote statistical significance at the p < 0.05