Fig. 6. Design and working principle of VIRRION for effective virus capture and identification. (A) Photograph and SEM images of aligned CNTs exhibiting herringbone patterns decorated with gold nanoparticles. (B) Picture showing assembled VIRRION device, processing a blood sample. (C) Illustration of (i) size-based capture and (ii) in situ Raman spectroscopy for label-free optical virus identification. Images of electron microscopy showing captured avian influenza virus H5N2 by CNxCNT arrays. (D) On-chip virus analysis and enrichment for next generation sequencing, (i) on-chip immunostaining for captured H5N2, (ii) on-chip viral propagation through cell culture, and (iii) genomic sequencing and analysis of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV 3). The image is reprinted from Yeh et al.,¹⁰⁶ Copyright (2019), with permission National Academy of Sciences.