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. 2021 Oct 11;78(16):1635–1654. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.08.021

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© 2021 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier.

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Posited Mechanisms of Action of Lipid-Modulating Agents in COVID-19

(A) Binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to pneumocytes results in cytokine release. Statins, fibrates, and omega-3 fatty acids can maintain the alveolar epithelial integrity. Statins may alleviate pulmonary fibrosis. (B) Fibrates, statins, and omega-3 fatty acids can inhibit viral entry. (C) Omega-3 fatty acids can inhibit the excessive antibody release. Statins, fibrates, omega-3 fatty acid, and dalcetrapib may have antiplatelet activities. Statins may also have antithrombotic properties. (D) Possible adverse effects of lipid-modulating agents. ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease-2019; CYP = cytochrome P450; RBD = receptor-binding domain; TG = triglyceride.