FIGURE 2.

SPC reduced the mRNA expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and increased the mRNA levels of anti‐inflammatory cytokines 24 h after LPS stimulation. (A, B) Effect of SPC on cell viability (A) and plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release levels in primary cortical microglia after LPS (B). (C–E) The mRNA expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and iNOS) following LPS. (F–H) The mRNA levels of anti‐inflammatory cytokines (CD‐206, YM1/2, arginase‐1) following LPS. IL‐1β, Interleukin‐1β; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; Sevo, sevoflurane preconditioning; TNF‐α, Tumor necrosis factor‐α. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus the control group; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 versus OGD/LPS. One‐way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test was used for statistical analysis