Table 2.

Frequency of Maternal Psychiatric Conditions and Antidepressant Use During Pre-Conception and/or Pregnancy, Study to Explore Early Development, 2002–2006 and 2008–2011 Births.

	ASD (n=1367)	DD (n=1750)	POP (n=1671)	ASD vs POP	DD vs POP
	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	p-value	p-value
Psychiatric Condition	500 (36.6)	593 (33.9)	455 (27.2)	<0.001	<0.001
ADHD	52 (3.8)	60 (3.4)	30 (1.8)	0.001	0.003
Anxiety Disorder	218 (15.9)	275 (15.7)	170 (10.2)	<0.001	<0.001
Bipolar Disorder	49 (3.6)	64 (3.7)	33 (2.0)	0.007	0.003
Depression	372 (27.2)	418 (23.9)	321 (19.2)	<0.001	0.001
Eating Disorder	35 (2.6)	44 (2.5)	45 (2.7)	0.82	0.74
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder	23 (1.7)	32 (1.8)	14 (0.8)	0.03	0.01
Personality Disorder	9 (0.7)	14 (0.8)	6 (0.4)	0.24	0.09
Schizophrenia	5 (0.4)	7 (0.4)	2 (0.1)	0.25	0.11
Sleep Disorder	109 (8.0)	116 (6.6)	68 (4.1)	<0.001	0.001
Self-Injuring Behavior	21 (1.5)	20 (1.1)	21 (1.3)	0.51	0.76
Suicide Attempt	49 (3.6)	60 (3.4)	27 (1.6)	0.001	0.001
One Psychiatric Condition	245 (17.9)	294 (16.8)	276 (16.5)	0.31	0.82
2+ Psychiatric Conditions	255 (18.7)	299 (17.1)	179 (10.7)	<0.001	<0.001
Antidepressant Use
Any Antidepressant	148 (10.8)	185 (10.6)	120 (7.2)	<0.001	0.001
SSRI	128 (9.4)	171 (9.8)	99 (5.9)	<0.001	<0.001
Citalopram	16 (1.2)	22 (1.3)	15 (0.9)	0.46	0.31
Escitalopram	17 (1.2)	20 (1.1)	10 (0.6)	0.06	0.09
Fluoxetine	29 (2.1)	36 (2.1)	21 (1.3)	0.06	0.07
Fluvoxamine	1 (0.1)	0 (0.0)	1 (0.1)	1.00	0.49
Paroxetine	18 (1.3)	20 (1.1)	8 (0.5)	0.01	0.03
Sertraline	49 (3.6)	77 (4.4)	40 (2.4)	0.05	0.001
Name Unknown	20 (1.5)	18 (1.0)	11 (0.7)	0.03	0.24
MAO Inhibitor	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
TCA	3 (0.2)	2 (0.1)	3 (0.2)	0.81	0.62
Serotonin Modulator	9 (0.7)	9 (0.5)	5 (0.3)	0.15	0.32
Selective Serotonin	18 (1.3)	14 (0.8)	23 (1.4)	0.89	0.10
Miscellaneous	3 (0.2)	3 (0.2)	0 (0.0)	0.06	0.25

ADHD=Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ASD=Autism spectrum disorder; DD=Developmental disorder; MAO=Monoamine oxidase; n=Number; POP=Population controls; SSRI=Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; TCA=Tricyclic antidepressant