Table 5.

Animal experiment results.

Parental strains (resistance pattern)		Antibiotics added to CAC	Putative NES	Recipient strain (NES pattern)	Acquired AMR
Cj 14229–5 (AKGT)	Cc 6461 (TE*S)	SG	no
Cc 6461 (TE*S)	Cc 13150 (AKQ*)+tet(O)	TK	yes	Cc 13150 (ATKQ*)+tet(O)	Newly acquired phenotypic T/HGT tet(O)
Cc 6067 (ATQ*)	Cc 6461 (TE*S)	SA	no

^*indicates resistances due to a point mutation. New resistance in NES as compared to recipient is in bold.

Cc, Campylobacter coli; Cj, Campylobacter jejuni; A, ampicillin/carbenicillin; E, erythromycin; K, kanamycin; Q, nalidixic acid; S, streptomycin; T, tetracycline; and HGT, horizontal gene transfer. Phenotypic T: The NES is genetically similar to recipient strain 13150 (tetracycline susceptible) except it has a newly acquired tetracycline resistance. Turkeys were inoculated with two Campylobacter strains 7days apart. Cecal contents were plated after necropsy (Days 8, 15, and 22) on selective CHROMagar^™ Campylobacter (CAC) plus additional antibiotics. The genome of recovered newly emerged strains (NES) – showing resistance markers of both parental strains – was sequenced and compared with both parental strains to identify donor vs recipient. The phenotypic resistance of each strain is provided in parentheses. Strain Cc 6461 carries tet(O) and is tetracycline resistant; strain Cc 13150 carries tet(O) but is tetracycline susceptible and thus not noted “T.”