Table 2. Logistic regression models of associations between oral pain experience last year and individual characteristics among adults aged ≥30 years who completed the dental examination and at least the first 24-hour dietary recall interview, had at least one natural tooth, and provided an answer about their oral pain experience in the National Health and Nutrition and Examination Survey (NHANES); 2015–2018.
| Variable | Unadjusted OR† (95%CI) ‡ | p-value | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age categories | ||||
| 30–34 | Ref§ | Ref | ||
| 35–49 | 0.77 (0.60–0.98) | 0.038 | 0.71 (0.54–0.93) | 0.016 |
| 50–64 | 0.84 (0.61–1.15) | 0.271 | 0.82 (0.61–1.05) | 0.207 |
| >=65 | 0.48 (0.37–0.63) | <0.001 | 0.46 (0.41–0.68) | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Ref | Ref | ||
| Female | 1.20 (1.02–1.42) | 0.027 | 1.34 (1.10–1.64) | 0.005 |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | Ref | Ref | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.95 (1.59–2.38) | <0.001 | 1.35 (1.08–1.62) | 0.005 |
| Hispanic | 1.33 (1.05–1.68) | 0.020 | 0.86 (0.65–1.01) | 0.247 |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 1.26 (0.95–1.67) | 0.105 | 1.38 (1.07–1.78) | 0.014 |
| Other, including multi-racial | 2.08 (1.24–3.49) | 0.007 | 1.50 (0.82–2.75) | 0.181 |
| Education Levels | ||||
| Less than high school | Ref | Ref | ||
| High school | 0.73 (0.60–0.90) | 0.004 | 0.78 (0.60–1.00) | 0.052 |
| More than high school | 0.47 (0.39–0.58) | <0.001 | 0.65 (0.52–0.82) | 0.001 |
| Family income ratio to FPL 1 | ||||
| <100%FPL | Ref | Ref | ||
| 100%-199% FPL | 0.76 (0.65–0.88) | 0.001 | 0.86 (0.74–1.01) | 0.073 |
| 200%-399% FPL | 0.54 (0.46–0.63) | <0.001 | 0.72 (0.61–0.84) | <0.001 |
| 400% | 0.28 (0.20–0.38) | <0.001 | 0.44 (0.32–0.60) | <0.001 |
| Total sugar consumption (each additional 10gm) | 1.03 (1.02–1.04) | <0.001 | 1.03 (1.01–1.04) | 0.001 |
| Presence of teeth with untreated caries 2 | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 2.71 (2.29–3.19) | <0.001 | 2.06 (1.72–2.47) | <0.001 |
| Presence of teeth with fillings 2 | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 0.74 (0.60–0.92) | 0.007 | 1.24 (0.96–1.60) | 0.101 |
| Presence of non-carious root lesions | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 0.96 (0.76–1.22) | 0.759 | 1.03 (0.78–1.36) | 0.839 |
| Presence of non-carious root restoration | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 0.56 (0.36–0.87) | 0.012 | 0.74 (0.43–1.27) | 0.267 |
Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education levels, income, total sugar consumption, presence of teeth with untreated caries, teeth with fillings, root non-carious root lesions and restorations.
†OR: Odds ratio.
‡95% CI: 95% confidence interval.
§Ref: Reference group.
1Family income ratio to the federal poverty level (<100%, 100–199%, 200–399%, >400%).
2Including coronal and root surfaces.