Table 4. Logistic regression models of associations between oral-related productivity loss last year and individual characteristics among adults aged ≥30 years who completed the dental examination and at least the first 24-hour dietary recall interview, had at least one natural tooth, and provided an answer about oral-related productivity loss in the National Health and Nutrition and Examination Survey (NHANES); 2015–2018.
| Variable | Unadjusted OR† (95%CI) ‡ | p-value | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Had oral pain | ||||
| No | Ref§ | Ref | ||
| Yes | 22.50 (13.86–36.54) | <0.001 | 13.85 (8.07–23.77) | <0.001 |
| Age categories | ||||
| 30–34 | Ref | Ref | ||
| 35–49 | 1.17(0.76–1.80) | 0.454 | 1.42 (0.92–2.19) | 0.105 |
| 50–64 | 1.28 (0.77–2.13) | 0.323 | 1.68 (0.90–3.13) | 0.098 |
| >=65 | 0.67 (0.40–1.14) | 0.138 | 1.48 (0.81–2.68) | 0.192 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Ref | Ref | ||
| Female | 1.08 (0.73–1.60) | 0.687 | 1.25 (0.77–2.03) | 0.356 |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | Ref | Ref | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 2.51 (1.69–3.72) | <0.001 | 1.13 (0.70–1.84) | 0.605 |
| Hispanic | 2.38 (1.64–3.48) | <0.001 | 1.43 (0.99–2.08) | 0.054 |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 1.61 (0.95–2.73) | 0.074 | 1.88 (1.18–3.00) | 0.010 |
| Other, including multi-racial | 2.41 (1.27–4.57) | 0.009 | 0.91 (0.37–2.23) | 0.839 |
| Education Levels | ||||
| Less than high school | Ref | Ref | ||
| High school | 0.53 (0.38–0.73) | <0.001 | 0.86 (0.55–1.35) | 0.500 |
| More than high school | 0.18 (0.13–0.25) | <0.001 | 0.46 (0.30–0.73) | 0.001 |
| Family income ratio to FPL 1 | ||||
| <100%FPL | Ref | Ref | ||
| 100%-199% FPL | 0.44 (0.30–0.66) | <0.001 | 0.58 (0.38–0.87) | 0.011 |
| 200%-399% FPL | 0.24 (0.17–0.33) | <0.001 | 0.47 (0.31–0.71) | 0.001 |
| 400% | 0.06 (0.04–0.10) | <0.001 | 0.24 (0.15–0.37) | <0.001 |
| Total sugar consumption (each additional 10gm) | 1.05 (1.02–1.07) | <0.001 | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | 0.134 |
| Presence of teeth with untreated caries 2 | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 5.28 (4.01–6.95) | <0.001 | 2.18 (1.65–2.89) | <0.001 |
| Presence of teeth with fillings 2 | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 0.36 (0.24–0.56) | <0.001 | 0.74 (0.41–1.35) | 0.320 |
| Presence of non-carious root lesions | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 1.12 (0.83–1.51) | 0.447 | 0.99 (0.74–1.32) | 0.966 |
| Presence of non-carious root restoration | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 0.37 (0.12–1.11) | 0.074 | 0.82 (0.24–2.78) | 0.806 |
Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education levels, income, presence of teeth with untreated caries, teeth with fillings, root non-carious root lesions and restorations.
†OR: Odds ratio.
‡95% CI: 95% confidence interval.
§Ref: Reference group.
1Family income ratio to the federal poverty level (<100%, 100–199%, 200–399%, >400%).
2Including coronal and root surfaces.